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APUSH > Chapter 29 and 30 WWI > Flashcards

Chapter 29 and 30 WWI Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the acronym for remembering the causes of WWI and the meanings

A

MAIN (militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism)

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2
Q

What was Germany’s goal before WWI relating to nationalism?

A

wanted to unite all german speaking countries, mainly Austria Hungary

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3
Q

What was Russia’s goal before WWI relating to nationalism

A

Movement by Russia to unite all slavic people

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4
Q

Which two conflicts relating to nationalism led to conflict over territory

A

Pan-German Movement and Pan Slavic Movement

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5
Q

Why were so many countries competing for territory

A

It was all already owned by somebody and they wanted materials for the new market and goods

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6
Q

Which two countries wanted control of the Balkans

A

Austria Hungary and Russia

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7
Q

Which two countries wanted the territories of Alsace and Lorraine

A

France and Germany

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8
Q

Which countries included in WWI had conscription laws?

A

All of them excluding Britain

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9
Q

Which country had the most men in uniform

A

Russia

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10
Q

Which country had the best trained army

A

Germany

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11
Q

Why were alliances formed in Europe

A

To maintain the balance of power (defensive!)`

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12
Q

Which countries were part of the Triple Alliance

A

Austria Hungary, Germany, and Italy

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13
Q

Which countries were part of the triple Entente

A

Britain, France, and Russia (BFR- Big “Friendly” Russia)

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14
Q

What did countries promise to do when they pledged alliances?

A

to aid their members if attacked

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15
Q

Who was assassinated that kicked off sentiments which led to WWI

A

Archduke Franz-Ferdinand

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16
Q

Who was Archduke Franz-Ferdinand?

A

heir to the Austrio-Hungary throne

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17
Q

When was Archduke Franz-Ferdinand assassinated

A

June 28 1914

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18
Q

Where was Archduke Franz
Ferdinand visiting when he was murdered

A

Sarajou Bosnia

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19
Q

Who was Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated by

A

Gavrilo Princip

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20
Q

Who was Gavrilo Princip

A

Slavic Nationalist, member of black hand

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21
Q

What was the black hand

A

a slavic group which wanted Bosnia in Serbian hands and wanted the heir out, creating an assassination team

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22
Q

Who did Austria Hungary blame for the assassination of their heir, subsequently declaring war

A

Serbia

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23
Q

Who did Austria Hungary have the backing of in their war against Serbia

A

Kaiser Wilhelm II

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24
Q

Who militarized after Austria Hungary declared war on Serbia

A

Russia because mother russia had to protect its serbian slavs

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25
Q

Who did Germany declare war on before the beginning of WWI

A

Russia

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26
Q

What was Germany’s war plan right before the beginning of WWI

A

knock out france and then russia

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27
Q

What was the name of the plan Germany had been cooking up in case of world war?

A

Schleiften Plan

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28
Q

How was Germany planning to get into France?

A

cutting into neutral Belgium

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29
Q

When did the World War actually begin

A

Germany invades neutral Belgium on August 14, 1914

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30
Q

After the invasion of Belgium by Germany, which country was brought into the world war by the alliance

A

Britain

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31
Q

Who did Britain have a defensive alliance with?

A

Belgium

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32
Q

Who were the central powers

A

Germany, Turkish empire, Austria Hungary,

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33
Q

Who were the allied pwrs

A

Britain, France, Russia, and America

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34
Q

What was kinda surprising about the german invasion of belgium

A

The belgians actually managed to slow the Germans down by like a couple weeks

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35
Q

What did France do with the time Belgium bought them at the beginning of the war

A

block the western front with britain by creating a series of trenches

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36
Q

Where were the French trenches on the western front?

A

Spanning from Switzerland to the North Sea

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37
Q

What did Woodrow Wilson want for America concerning the war?

A

Neutrality. wanted us to stay out of it in terms of picking a side

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38
Q

What did Woodrow Wilson ask of American Citizens

A

neutrality in thought and deed, which proved difficult for them

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39
Q

What was the issue with asking American citizens to be neutral?

A

Britain admirers sympathized with Britain and allies, immigrants sympathized with own countries

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40
Q

What did America do which greatly benefited their economy

A

sell equipment and stuffs to both sides

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41
Q

What did America do with the war which was a really awful idea and should’ve been thought of more

A

banks loaned to both sides

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42
Q

What did the British do which stopped America from trading with both sides?

A

Blockade the German coast with the navy

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43
Q

What does the British blockade of the German coast mean for Germany?

A

No longer getting supplies traded with America, most trade b/n America and allies

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44
Q

What did Germany do in retaliation to the British blockade of the German coast?

A

announce they’d use u-boats (submarines) to torpedo any boats which turn up

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45
Q

Why was America in objection to Germany using U-Boats

A

because we didn’t want our ships or american citizens sunk

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46
Q

What did Germany promise to America in relation to u-boat usage

A

they’d do their best to not sink ships with americans (actually really didn’t want America to join war)

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47
Q

What was the issue with Germany’s promise with America to not sink American ships or ships with americans

A

American citizens travelling on foreign passenger ships would be travelling under a foreign flag, meaning it was fair game for torpedo`

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48
Q

Which German torpedo-ing caused the most outrage

A

attack of the RMS Lusitania

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49
Q

What country was the RMS Lusitania under

A

Britain

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50
Q

Where was the RMS Lusitania shot down

A

Queenstown, Ireland

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51
Q

What caused the Sussex pledge to be put in place

A

the attack of the RMS Arabic, which resulted in Americans being injured

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52
Q

What was the Sussex Pledge

A

Germany’s promise to signal boats to evacuate passengers before blowing it up

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53
Q

Why did Wilson accept the Sussex pledge

A

The elections were coming up and he wanted to maintain his neutrality campaign

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54
Q

Which political party dissolved after Theodore Roosevelt refused to run again

A

progressives

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55
Q

Why did the Republicans not consider Theodore Roosevelt for their candidate

A

Because they were still angry about him splitting the vote

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56
Q

Who won the Election of 1916

A

Woodrow Wilson (barely)

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57
Q

Did us-german relations ever get repaired?

A

nope, only decline :(

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58
Q

What did British intelligence intercept from the Germans?

A

A message from Arthur Zimmerman, German Foreign secretary, to the German ambassador in Mexico about forming an alliance if the US enters the war

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59
Q

Do the U-Boat attacks stop or continue after the Sussex Pledge?

A

Nope, they continue and they end the sussex pledge

60
Q

When did Germany announce the end of the Sussex Pledge

A

January 31, 1917

61
Q

When did the US break diplomatic ties with Germany

A

February 3, 1917

62
Q

Why was the Czar of Russia overthrown?

A

many already killed and taken prisoner of 8 million soldiers, unrest among people

63
Q

Who was the Czar of Russia before he was overthrown

A

Czar Nicholas II

64
Q

What was established after the Czar of Russia, Nicholas II, was overthrown?

A

democracy :)

65
Q

What did Wilson ask from Congress after cutting diplomatic ties with Germany

A

a war declaration

66
Q

When did Woodrow Wilson ask for a war declaration from Congress

A

April 2, 1917

67
Q

Which individual was given command of the AEF (American expeditionary force)

A

General John T Pershing

68
Q

America prided itself on a century of what

A

isolation

69
Q

What two points did Wilson make to get America behind the war

A

“war to end war” and “war to make the world safe for democracy”

70
Q

What would America not fight for the sake of

A

territorial conquest

71
Q

What were the first five of Wilson’s fourteen points that are really important

A
  1. abolished secret treaties
  2. freedom of the seas
  3. removal of economic barriers
  4. reduction of armaments
  5. adjustments of colonial claims
72
Q

What were the other general points of Wilson’s fourteen points

A

independence to minority groups like Poland

73
Q

What was point 14 of the fourteen points by wilson

A

league of nations, an international peace keeping tribunal

74
Q

Who was the war industries board headed by

A

bernard baruch

75
Q

What was the war industries board formed for

A

regulation of the supply of raw materials to manufacture and deliver products

76
Q

What did the war industries board do to change industries

A

changed from producing consumer goods to war goods

77
Q

Who was the national war labor board headed by

A

William Howard Taft

78
Q

Why was the national war labor board established

A

to settle labor disputes

79
Q

Why did the national war labor board need to settle labor disputes

A

unions/labor disputes would badly affect production

80
Q

Who headed the food administration in america

A

herbert hoover

81
Q

what did the food administration in america do

A

set crop prices and regulate food exports to europe and encourage meatless and wheatless days (victory gardens)

82
Q

What did the fuel administration do?

A

encourage coal production and urge Americans to use less coal (heatless mondays and lightless nights)

83
Q

how much did the war cost per day for america

A

44 million dollars (que cara)

84
Q

Where did most of the american government’s money come from

A

sale of bonds

85
Q

how did america sell their bonds

A

4 large liberty loan drives

86
Q

Who was the committee on public information headed by

A

george creel

87
Q

What was the committee on public information’s purpose

A

to promote patriotism but really to disseminate propaganda

88
Q

what did the espionage act entail

A

anybody found guilty of aiding the enemy was punished

89
Q

what did the sedition act entail

A

prohibited any speech that was disloyal profane or abusive about the government

90
Q

What did the Us Supreme court ruling on the Espionage act (Schneck vs U.S.) decide

A

there were certain circumstances in which the 1st amendment could be limited “clear and present danger” must be there

91
Q

What did the selective service act entail

A

all men between the ages of 21 and 30 to register for military services (later expanded to 18 and 45)

92
Q

What was kinda sad about american soldiers

A

super inexperienced

93
Q

What happened to Russia while the war was still going on

A

second revolution

94
Q

what was the name of the second revolution in russia during world war I

A

bolshevik revolution

95
Q

what parties in russia were fighting during the second revolution

A

bolsheviks and mensheviks

96
Q

who emerged victorious during the second revolution in russia

A

bolsheviks

97
Q

Who was the leader of the Bolshevik party in Russia

A

Vladimir Lenin

98
Q

What led to the beginning of communism in russia

A

bolshevik victory in russia by vladimir lenin

99
Q

what treaty did russia sign with germany after the second revolution was over

A

brest-litovsky treaty

100
Q

What did the brest litovsky treaty between russia and germany entail

A

Russia would withdraw from the war

101
Q

Once Russia withdrew from the war, what was germany free to do?

A

send the troops fighting russia back to the western front with France

102
Q

How close did the German army get to Paris after Russia withdrew from the war (which city)

A

Chateau-Thierry

103
Q

What stopped the German drive into France near the end of world war I

A

Us forces trickling into France

104
Q

What was the turning point of World War I

A

American victory against Germany in Belleau-Wood

105
Q

Which field marshal launched a counter offensive with all of the allied forces

A

Foch

106
Q

When did Foch launch his counter offensive with the allied forces

A

July 1918

107
Q

What was Foch’s counter offense with the allied forces known as

A

second battle of the Marne

108
Q

From which French commune did nine us divisions and four french divisions drive germany out of

A

St. Mihiel salient

109
Q

Why were americans frustrated with British and French leadership

A

Because we were all hyped up from being in the trenches but they were super depressed cause they’ve been in the trenches for a while

110
Q

What was General Purshing given as a result of american frustration with british and french leadership

A

an 85 mile all american front

111
Q

Which offensive was launched by General Pershing near the end of the world war

A

Meuse-Argonne offensive

112
Q

What time period was the Meuse-Argonne offensive?

A

Sept. 26 - Nov. 11 1918

113
Q

What is significant about the day the Meuse-Argonne offensive ended (Nov. 11, 1918)?

A

last day of WWI, armistice

114
Q

What did Wilson demand of Germany before he would cooperate with Germany on ending the war

A

boot the kaiser

115
Q

Where did the Kaiser of Germany flee to after the end of world war I

A

Holland

116
Q

When did the armistice go into effect?

A

eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month of 1918

117
Q

How many american soldiers died in world war I

A

116000

118
Q

How many french soldiers died in world war I

A

like a million

119
Q

How many russian soldiers died in WWI

A

like two million

120
Q

What was America’s biggest contribution to the war?

A

supplies mf

121
Q

What did the war show about democracy?

A

Not all enjoyed democracy

122
Q

How many African Americans were drafted for World War I?

A

300000

123
Q

Where were most African Americans which were drafted for World War I sent to?

A

segregated non-combat units

124
Q

What was the name of the all black French unit

A

369th Harlem Hell Fighters

125
Q

Which two constitutional amendments were passed after world war I

A

18th (prohibition) and 19th (women’s suffrage)

126
Q

What was the 18th amendment a result of

A

patriotic conservation approach, needed to conserve grain for WWI

127
Q

What was Wilson known as during WWI

A

the moral leader of the world

128
Q

Why did Wilson want the complete support of the senate at the end of the war

A

leaving for paris to negotiate peace

129
Q

What majority party was the congress after the 1918 election

A

Republican

130
Q

What did Wilson critics say about Wilson at the end of war

A

he had a god complex

131
Q

Why was Wilson’s hand picked peace commission controversial

A

no prominent republicans in 5 member team

132
Q

Why did Wilson refuse to appoint republicans to his peace commission

A

he disliked the head of the senate foreign relations committee

133
Q

Who was the head of the senate foreign relations committee

A

Henry Cabot Lodge

134
Q

Who were the leaders which made up the “Big Four” at the peace conference

A

Britain - David Lloyd George
France - Georges Clemenceau
US - Woodrow Wilson
Italy - Vittorio Orlando

135
Q

What was Wilson’s top goal

A

League of nations (international peace keeping league)

136
Q

What did Wilson oppose during the peace conference`

A

reparations and territorial gains

137
Q

What did Wilson have to accept in the treaty in order for the others to be on board for the league of nations

A

imperialism

138
Q

How did wilson avoid letting the Big Four gain territory outright

A

make mandates

139
Q

What was Wilson’s greatest failure concerning the treaty of paris (Versailles treaty)

A

Gave into french pressure to give Germany reparations

140
Q

What did Germany get hit with from the Versailles treaty

A

33 billion dollars of debt (they had that already) and accepting the war guilt clause (saying they caused war)

141
Q

Which group of Republican senators promised to defeat the new treaty after Wilson went to paris

A

Irreconcilables

142
Q

Why did the final treaty infuriate Germany

A

they thought they were gonna get the fourteen points treatment but they didnt

143
Q

How does Wilson’s efforts to get the treaty approved by the senate go

A

badly, senate doesn’t approve anyway and wilson collapses of exhaustion

144
Q

What did article x of the league of nations obligate us to do

A

intervene if a member was a victim of outside aggression

145
Q

Did the senate ever approve the Versailles treaty?

A

nope

146
Q

What happened to the league of nations without american membership

A

failed

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