Chapter 29 and 30 WWI Flashcards
1
Q
What is the acronym for remembering the causes of WWI and the meanings
A
MAIN (militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism)
2
Q
What was Germany’s goal before WWI relating to nationalism?
A
wanted to unite all german speaking countries, mainly Austria Hungary
3
Q
What was Russia’s goal before WWI relating to nationalism
A
Movement by Russia to unite all slavic people
4
Q
Which two conflicts relating to nationalism led to conflict over territory
A
Pan-German Movement and Pan Slavic Movement
5
Q
Why were so many countries competing for territory
A
It was all already owned by somebody and they wanted materials for the new market and goods
6
Q
Which two countries wanted control of the Balkans
A
Austria Hungary and Russia
7
Q
Which two countries wanted the territories of Alsace and Lorraine
A
France and Germany
8
Q
Which countries included in WWI had conscription laws?
A
All of them excluding Britain
9
Q
Which country had the most men in uniform
A
Russia
10
Q
Which country had the best trained army
A
Germany
11
Q
Why were alliances formed in Europe
A
To maintain the balance of power (defensive!)`
12
Q
Which countries were part of the Triple Alliance
A
Austria Hungary, Germany, and Italy
13
Q
Which countries were part of the triple Entente
A
Britain, France, and Russia (BFR- Big “Friendly” Russia)
14
Q
What did countries promise to do when they pledged alliances?
A
to aid their members if attacked
15
Q
Who was assassinated that kicked off sentiments which led to WWI
A
Archduke Franz-Ferdinand
16
Q
Who was Archduke Franz-Ferdinand?
A
heir to the Austrio-Hungary throne
17
Q
When was Archduke Franz-Ferdinand assassinated
A
June 28 1914
18
Q
Where was Archduke Franz
Ferdinand visiting when he was murdered
A
Sarajou Bosnia
19
Q
Who was Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated by
A
Gavrilo Princip
20
Q
Who was Gavrilo Princip
A
Slavic Nationalist, member of black hand
21
Q
What was the black hand
A
a slavic group which wanted Bosnia in Serbian hands and wanted the heir out, creating an assassination team
22
Q
Who did Austria Hungary blame for the assassination of their heir, subsequently declaring war
A
Serbia
23
Q
Who did Austria Hungary have the backing of in their war against Serbia
A
Kaiser Wilhelm II
24
Q
Who militarized after Austria Hungary declared war on Serbia
A
Russia because mother russia had to protect its serbian slavs
25
Who did Germany declare war on before the beginning of WWI
Russia
26
What was Germany's war plan right before the beginning of WWI
knock out france and then russia
27
What was the name of the plan Germany had been cooking up in case of world war?
Schleiften Plan
28
How was Germany planning to get into France?
cutting into neutral Belgium
29
When did the World War actually begin
Germany invades neutral Belgium on August 14, 1914
30
After the invasion of Belgium by Germany, which country was brought into the world war by the alliance
Britain
31
Who did Britain have a defensive alliance with?
Belgium
32
Who were the central powers
Germany, Turkish empire, Austria Hungary,
33
Who were the allied pwrs
Britain, France, Russia, and America
34
What was kinda surprising about the german invasion of belgium
The belgians actually managed to slow the Germans down by like a couple weeks
35
What did France do with the time Belgium bought them at the beginning of the war
block the western front with britain by creating a series of trenches
36
Where were the French trenches on the western front?
Spanning from Switzerland to the North Sea
37
What did Woodrow Wilson want for America concerning the war?
Neutrality. wanted us to stay out of it in terms of picking a side
38
What did Woodrow Wilson ask of American Citizens
neutrality in thought and deed, which proved difficult for them
39
What was the issue with asking American citizens to be neutral?
Britain admirers sympathized with Britain and allies, immigrants sympathized with own countries
40
What did America do which greatly benefited their economy
sell equipment and stuffs to both sides
41
What did America do with the war which was a really awful idea and should've been thought of more
banks loaned to both sides
42
What did the British do which stopped America from trading with both sides?
Blockade the German coast with the navy
43
What does the British blockade of the German coast mean for Germany?
No longer getting supplies traded with America, most trade b/n America and allies
44
What did Germany do in retaliation to the British blockade of the German coast?
announce they'd use u-boats (submarines) to torpedo any boats which turn up
45
Why was America in objection to Germany using U-Boats
because we didn't want our ships or american citizens sunk
46
What did Germany promise to America in relation to u-boat usage
they'd do their best to not sink ships with americans (actually really didn't want America to join war)
47
What was the issue with Germany's promise with America to not sink American ships or ships with americans
American citizens travelling on foreign passenger ships would be travelling under a foreign flag, meaning it was fair game for torpedo`
48
Which German torpedo-ing caused the most outrage
attack of the RMS Lusitania
49
What country was the RMS Lusitania under
Britain
50
Where was the RMS Lusitania shot down
Queenstown, Ireland
51
What caused the Sussex pledge to be put in place
the attack of the RMS Arabic, which resulted in Americans being injured
52
What was the Sussex Pledge
Germany's promise to signal boats to evacuate passengers before blowing it up
53
Why did Wilson accept the Sussex pledge
The elections were coming up and he wanted to maintain his neutrality campaign
54
Which political party dissolved after Theodore Roosevelt refused to run again
progressives
55
Why did the Republicans not consider Theodore Roosevelt for their candidate
Because they were still angry about him splitting the vote
56
Who won the Election of 1916
Woodrow Wilson (barely)
57
Did us-german relations ever get repaired?
nope, only decline :(
58
What did British intelligence intercept from the Germans?
A message from Arthur Zimmerman, German Foreign secretary, to the German ambassador in Mexico about forming an alliance if the US enters the war
59
Do the U-Boat attacks stop or continue after the Sussex Pledge?
Nope, they continue and they end the sussex pledge
60
When did Germany announce the end of the Sussex Pledge
January 31, 1917
61
When did the US break diplomatic ties with Germany
February 3, 1917
62
Why was the Czar of Russia overthrown?
many already killed and taken prisoner of 8 million soldiers, unrest among people
63
Who was the Czar of Russia before he was overthrown
Czar Nicholas II
64
What was established after the Czar of Russia, Nicholas II, was overthrown?
democracy :)
65
What did Wilson ask from Congress after cutting diplomatic ties with Germany
a war declaration
66
When did Woodrow Wilson ask for a war declaration from Congress
April 2, 1917
67
Which individual was given command of the AEF (American expeditionary force)
General John T Pershing
68
America prided itself on a century of what
isolation
69
What two points did Wilson make to get America behind the war
"war to end war" and "war to make the world safe for democracy"
70
What would America not fight for the sake of
territorial conquest
71
What were the first five of Wilson's fourteen points that are really important
1. abolished secret treaties
2. freedom of the seas
3. removal of economic barriers
4. reduction of armaments
5. adjustments of colonial claims
72
What were the other general points of Wilson's fourteen points
independence to minority groups like Poland
73
What was point 14 of the fourteen points by wilson
league of nations, an international peace keeping tribunal
74
Who was the war industries board headed by
bernard baruch
75
What was the war industries board formed for
regulation of the supply of raw materials to manufacture and deliver products
76
What did the war industries board do to change industries
changed from producing consumer goods to war goods
77
Who was the national war labor board headed by
William Howard Taft
78
Why was the national war labor board established
to settle labor disputes
79
Why did the national war labor board need to settle labor disputes
unions/labor disputes would badly affect production
80
Who headed the food administration in america
herbert hoover
81
what did the food administration in america do
set crop prices and regulate food exports to europe and encourage meatless and wheatless days (victory gardens)
82
What did the fuel administration do?
encourage coal production and urge Americans to use less coal (heatless mondays and lightless nights)
83
how much did the war cost per day for america
44 million dollars (que cara)
84
Where did most of the american government's money come from
sale of bonds
85
how did america sell their bonds
4 large liberty loan drives
86
Who was the committee on public information headed by
george creel
87
What was the committee on public information's purpose
to promote patriotism but really to disseminate propaganda
88
what did the espionage act entail
anybody found guilty of aiding the enemy was punished
89
what did the sedition act entail
prohibited any speech that was disloyal profane or abusive about the government
90
What did the Us Supreme court ruling on the Espionage act (Schneck vs U.S.) decide
there were certain circumstances in which the 1st amendment could be limited "clear and present danger" must be there
91
What did the selective service act entail
all men between the ages of 21 and 30 to register for military services (later expanded to 18 and 45)
92
What was kinda sad about american soldiers
super inexperienced
93
What happened to Russia while the war was still going on
second revolution
94
what was the name of the second revolution in russia during world war I
bolshevik revolution
95
what parties in russia were fighting during the second revolution
bolsheviks and mensheviks
96
who emerged victorious during the second revolution in russia
bolsheviks
97
Who was the leader of the Bolshevik party in Russia
Vladimir Lenin
98
What led to the beginning of communism in russia
bolshevik victory in russia by vladimir lenin
99
what treaty did russia sign with germany after the second revolution was over
brest-litovsky treaty
100
What did the brest litovsky treaty between russia and germany entail
Russia would withdraw from the war
101
Once Russia withdrew from the war, what was germany free to do?
send the troops fighting russia back to the western front with France
102
How close did the German army get to Paris after Russia withdrew from the war (which city)
Chateau-Thierry
103
What stopped the German drive into France near the end of world war I
Us forces trickling into France
104
What was the turning point of World War I
American victory against Germany in Belleau-Wood
105
Which field marshal launched a counter offensive with all of the allied forces
Foch
106
When did Foch launch his counter offensive with the allied forces
July 1918
107
What was Foch's counter offense with the allied forces known as
second battle of the Marne
108
From which French commune did nine us divisions and four french divisions drive germany out of
St. Mihiel salient
109
Why were americans frustrated with British and French leadership
Because we were all hyped up from being in the trenches but they were super depressed cause they've been in the trenches for a while
110
What was General Purshing given as a result of american frustration with british and french leadership
an 85 mile all american front
111
Which offensive was launched by General Pershing near the end of the world war
Meuse-Argonne offensive
112
What time period was the Meuse-Argonne offensive?
Sept. 26 - Nov. 11 1918
113
What is significant about the day the Meuse-Argonne offensive ended (Nov. 11, 1918)?
last day of WWI, armistice
114
What did Wilson demand of Germany before he would cooperate with Germany on ending the war
boot the kaiser
115
Where did the Kaiser of Germany flee to after the end of world war I
Holland
116
When did the armistice go into effect?
eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month of 1918
117
How many american soldiers died in world war I
116000
118
How many french soldiers died in world war I
like a million
119
How many russian soldiers died in WWI
like two million
120
What was America's biggest contribution to the war?
supplies mf
121
What did the war show about democracy?
Not all enjoyed democracy
122
How many African Americans were drafted for World War I?
300000
123
Where were most African Americans which were drafted for World War I sent to?
segregated non-combat units
124
What was the name of the all black French unit
369th Harlem Hell Fighters
125
Which two constitutional amendments were passed after world war I
18th (prohibition) and 19th (women's suffrage)
126
What was the 18th amendment a result of
patriotic conservation approach, needed to conserve grain for WWI
127
What was Wilson known as during WWI
the moral leader of the world
128
Why did Wilson want the complete support of the senate at the end of the war
leaving for paris to negotiate peace
129
What majority party was the congress after the 1918 election
Republican
130
What did Wilson critics say about Wilson at the end of war
he had a god complex
131
Why was Wilson's hand picked peace commission controversial
no prominent republicans in 5 member team
132
Why did Wilson refuse to appoint republicans to his peace commission
he disliked the head of the senate foreign relations committee
133
Who was the head of the senate foreign relations committee
Henry Cabot Lodge
134
Who were the leaders which made up the "Big Four" at the peace conference
Britain - David Lloyd George
France - Georges Clemenceau
US - Woodrow Wilson
Italy - Vittorio Orlando
135
What was Wilson's top goal
League of nations (international peace keeping league)
136
What did Wilson oppose during the peace conference`
reparations and territorial gains
137
What did Wilson have to accept in the treaty in order for the others to be on board for the league of nations
imperialism
138
How did wilson avoid letting the Big Four gain territory outright
make mandates
139
What was Wilson's greatest failure concerning the treaty of paris (Versailles treaty)
Gave into french pressure to give Germany reparations
140
What did Germany get hit with from the Versailles treaty
33 billion dollars of debt (they had that already) and accepting the war guilt clause (saying they caused war)
141
Which group of Republican senators promised to defeat the new treaty after Wilson went to paris
Irreconcilables
142
Why did the final treaty infuriate Germany
they thought they were gonna get the fourteen points treatment but they didnt
143
How does Wilson's efforts to get the treaty approved by the senate go
badly, senate doesn't approve anyway and wilson collapses of exhaustion
144
What did article x of the league of nations obligate us to do
intervene if a member was a victim of outside aggression
145
Did the senate ever approve the Versailles treaty?
nope
146
What happened to the league of nations without american membership
failed
