Chapter 29

Question 1

The major candidates for president in 1960 were

Answer 1

John Kennedy and Richard Nixon

Question 2

Kennedy encountered difficulty getting his legislative proposals passed by Congress because

Answer 2

Republicans controlled both houses of Congress

Question 3

The Warren Commission reviewed the Kennedy assassination and concluded that

Answer 3

Lee Harvey Oswald was the assassin and acted alone

Question 4

The reform program of Lyndon Johnson became known as the

Answer 4

Great Society

Question 5

Johnson’s domestic program centered upon the issues of

Answer 5

social welfare and economic strength

Question 6

In 1965, the twenty-year debate over national health care culminated in the passage of Medicare, whose recipients were to be

Answer 6

all elderly Americans regardless of need

Question 7

The Office of Economic Opportunity created controversy as it

Answer 7

sought to involve members of the poor communities through “Community Action”

Question 8

As a result of the assault on poverty during the 1960s,

Answer 8

the government eliminated De facto segregation

Question 9

Federal aid to schools provided in the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 was

Answer 9

based upon the economic conditions of the students, not on the needs of the schools

Question 10

The reforms of the Immigration Act of 1965 included a provision requiring that

Answer 10

the “national origins” system be eliminated

Question 11

One of the legacies of the Great Society was high budget deficits that were caused by

Answer 11

rapidly rising government expenditures

Question 12

The “sit-in” movement of racial protest in the early 1960s resulted in

Answer 12

the integration of some public eating facilities

Question 13

“Freedom riders” in the early 1960s aimed at

Answer 13

the desegregation of bus stations

Question 14

Prominent officials who resisted efforts to end discrimination against blacks in the South included all of the following men except

Answer 14

Medgar Evers

Question 15

Following the racial violence in Alabama and Mississippi in 1962 and 1963, President Kennedy

Answer 15

introduced legislation to end segregation in public accommodations

Question 16

The high-water mark of peaceful interracial civil rights demonstrations was the

Answer 16

August 1963 March on Washington, D.C.

Question 17

Events of the Freedom Summer included

Answer 17

the brutal murder of three young civil rights activists

Question 18

De facto segregation resulted from

Answer 18

state and federal laws

Question 19

“Affirmative action” is best described as the legal requirement that

Answer 19

employers take positive measures to recruit minorities to compensate for past injustices

Question 20

During the 1960s, major race riots erupted in all of the following cities except

Answer 20

Kansas City

Question 21

The Commission on Civil Disorders issued a report in 1968 that recommended

Answer 21

massive spending to improve conditions in the ghettos

Question 22

The tenets of the philosophy of “black power” led to all of the following developments except

Answer 22

the consolidation of civil rights organizations

Question 23

Black power advocates included all of the following activists except

Answer 23

Martin Luther King, Jr.

Question 24

Kennedy believed that the future struggle against communism would occur mainly in the

Answer 24

developing countries of the Third World

Question 25

President Kennedy’s proposals calling for an “Alliance for Progress” reflected his desire to

Answer 25

expand American influence through peaceful means

Question 26

Success for the 1961 American-aided invasion of Cuba depended on

Answer 26

an anti-Castro uprising in Cuba

Question 27

Cuba hosted Soviet technicians and began military construction

Answer 27

of nuclear missile launching sites

Question 28

The Cuban Missile Crisis was resolved when

Answer 28

Kennedy accepted Khrushchev’s offer to remove the missiles from Cuba in exchange for Kennedy’s pledge not to invade the island

Question 29

The First Indochina War resulted from

Answer 29

the French decision to move back into Vietnam after World War II

Question 30

North Vietnam and South Vietnam differed from one another in that

Answer 30

the North essentially had a factionalized culture, while the South was much more homogeneous

Question 31

The Viet Cong were

Answer 31

South Vietnamese army regulars who staged a coup against their own government

Question 32

Kennedy decided to remove Diem from the presidency of South Vietnam when

Answer 32

Diem launched attacks on the country’s Buddhists

Question 33

Since the fall of Vietnam in 1975, historians have offered all of the following explanations for U.S. involvement there except

Answer 33

the United States wanted to preserve its own economic interests by keeping Vietnamese natural resources available to American industries

Question 34

The American commitment in Vietnam increased substantially when

Answer 34

President Johnson asked for and Congress approved the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Question 35

Escalation of the Vietnam War in the 1960s included all of the following steps except

Answer 35

American officials began governing the country in place of the Vietnamese

Question 36

One of the primary reasons that the United States could not fully win the Vietnam War was

Answer 36

the United States employed conventional warfare techniques in an unconventional war

Question 37

One of the earliest and most powerful opponents of the Vietnam War was

Answer 37

J. William Fulbright

Question 38

Public opinion turned radically against the Vietnam War after the

Answer 38

Viet Cong launched the 1968 Tet Offensive

Question 39

All of the following events took place in 1968 except

Answer 39

the killing of four students at Kent State University

Question 40

The massive racial unrest and rioting that erupted in more than sixty American cities in 1968 occurred as a result of the assassination of

Answer 40

Martin Luther King, Jr

Question 41

The violence outside the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago resulted from

Answer 41

demonstrations against the Vietnam War

Question 42

The presidential campaign of George Wallace promoted

Answer 42

increased federal aid for social programs and a pullout from the Vietnam War

Question 43

The election of Richard Nixon to the presidency in 1968 indicated that the American people wanted to

Answer 43

restore stability and law and order

Question 44

In pursuing his New Frontier domestic policy, President Kennedy experienced

Answer 44

frustration due to the coalition of conservative Democrats and Republicans who blocked many of his programs

Question 45

Advocates of “community action” during the 1960s believed that

Answer 45

citizens in urban areas should band together to preserve order and stability in the face of crime and other disturbances

Question 46

All of the following were Great Society proposals or programs except

Answer 46

immigration reform