Chapter 15 Flashcards
The Amendment to the Constitution that ended the practice of slavery throughout the United States was the
Thirteenth
Reconstruction of the South after the Civil War was viewed by the victorious Northerners as
The only way the South could be prevented from restoring their pre-Civil War society
The era of Reconstruction can best be described as
An important first step toward civil rights
When the Confederate armies surrendered,
Lincoln would allow no formal peace treaty to be signed between the Confederate and federal governments
In the aftermath of emancipation, most African Americans wanted all of the following improvements in their lives except
Desegregated schools and fraternal societies
Radical Republicans in Congress believed that reconstructing the South should include all of the following measures except
the permanent occupation of the South by the Union Army
Republicans Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner urged that
large numbers of Southern whites be disenfranchised
President Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction can best be described as
mild
The Freedmen’s Bureau eventually had all of the following powers except
creating a welfare system
Before the end of the Civil War, the Reconstruction plan advanced by Congress in opposition to Lincoln’s “Ten Percent Plan” was the
Wade-Davis Bill
To many Northerners, the murder of Abraham Lincoln
seemed to indicate a large conspiracy on the part of the defeated South
Instead of using the term Reconstruction for his program for the South, Andrew Johnson called it
restoration
The unique feature of President Andrew Johnson’s plan for Reconstruction was
individual pardons for wealthy Southerners
Radical Reconstruction officially began when
Congress reconvened in December, 1865
The purpose of the Black Codes was to
guarantee white supremacy in the South
During 1865 and 1866, Northern opinion grew hostile toward the South because of all of the following developments except
the assassination of a number of Southern Republican governors
All of the following describe the first Civil Rights Act passed by Congress in 1866 except
allowed for individual pardons for wealthy southern planters
The first official definition of citizenship was included in
the Fourteenth Amendment
All of the following actions by Andrew Johnson angered Congress except
the appointment of a Southerner to the Supreme Court
The Republican Congress responded to the establishment of Black Codes in the South by
extending the life of the Freedmen’s Bureau
The former Confederate state that escaped most of Radical Reconstruction was
Tennessee
The Congressional Reconstruction Acts of 1867
divided the South into military districts
The provisions of the Fifteenth Amendment gave the right to vote to
Blacks
The Tenure of Office Act was designed to
prohibit the president from removing cabinet members without the Senate’s approval
When Andrew Johnson was impeached, the House had
accused him of a crime
After the House impeached Andrew Johnson, his trial in the Senate ended in
an acquittal
Republican Reconstruction governments were supported by all of the following groups except
redeemers
Black freedmen attempted to exercise their rights by all of the following methods except
advocating their colonization in Africa
During Reconstruction, no Southern black was elected to
a state governorship
The most positive accomplishment of Reconstruction in the South was
improving public education
During Reconstruction, educational reform was promoted by all of the following groups except
Southern Democrats
By the end of Reconstruction, the majority of Southern blacks
were tenant farmers
During Reconstruction, the per capita income for Southern blacks
increased substantially
The crop lien system that developed in the South during Reconstruction involved all of the following factors except
it was administered primarily by country banks
Ulysses S. Grant is considered to have been
a failure as president
Grant’s administration developed substantial opposition because
he allowed corruption to develop in his administration
A key factor in Ulysses S. Grant’s victory in the presidential election of 1868 was
the huge black vote for Grant in the South
The Credit Mobilier scandal involved
fraudulent construction contracts for the Union Pacific Railroad
The Panic of 1873
was the worst depression that the United States had experienced up until that time
The supporters of greenbacks wanted to
inflate the currency
The Specie Resumption Act of 1875 provided that greenbacks would be
redeemed for gold certificates
The Alabama claims were monetary claims by
Americans against the British
To intimidate and subjugate newly freed blacks during Reconstruction, Southern whites used all of the following tactics except
Whites forced the blacks into ghettos so that they could be better controlled
The split in the Southern branch of the Republican Party in 1872 resulted in
many white Republicans eventually joining the Democratic party
By the early 1870s, Ku Klux Klan violence against African-Americans was
on the decline
In the presidential election of 1876, the Republicans hoped to get the problems of the Grant administration behind them by nominating
Rutherford B. Hayes
The terms of the Compromise of 1877 included all of the following provisions except
giving Republicans control of federal patronage in the South
The Compromise of 1877 resulted in the
end of Reconstruction in the South
By the end of the Reconstruction period, all of the following developments had occurred except
most national leaders had become willing to infringe on the rights of states
The revisionist view of Reconstruction challenged the traditional view of Reconstruction that was advanced by
William A. Dunning
Current historical thought considers Reconstruction to have been
much more successful than first thought
During the Second Reconstruction that occurred in the 1860s and 1870s, blacks benefited from legislation passed during Reconstruction that is known as the
Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments
Southern politics after Reconstruction was dominated by
Democrats
Of the following groups, the least likely to become “Redeemers” were
blacks
The “Readjusters”demanded that
Southern state governments put more money toward state services
Post-Reconstruction industry in the South
far surpassed that of the years before the Civil War
The industrial workforce of the South
Included a large number of women
Industrial workers in the New South were
predominantly women
In the 1870s and 1880s, Southern agriculture exhibited all of the following general characteristics except
new machinery and farming techniques appeared quickly
The crop-lien system of agriculture had all of the following results except
reliance on cash crops decreased
In discussing the origins of segregation, historians offered all of the following interpretations except
the refusal of blacks to vote for members of the white elite led to the loss of all their rights
In The Strange Career of Jim Crow, C. Vann Woodward argued that
laws of the 1890s institutionalized segregation in the South
Historian Leon Litwack
showed that segregation existed in the North before the Civil War
After Reconstruction, the South began to reassert white supremacy by all of the following means except
anti-lynching laws
Most members of the black middle class that developed in the South in the late 1800s worked as
doctors, lawyers, nurses, or teachers for other blacks
According to Booker T. Washington, the ideal of black education was to
teach blacks technical skills so they could get jobs in agriculture or trades
Southerners deprived black Americans of their civil rights by all of the following means except
prohibiting black schools
In the 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the U.S. Supreme Court allowed to stand the practice of
separate but equal public facilities
Southerners deprived black Americans of their right to vote by all of the following means except
Residency requirements
The process of depriving African Americans of the right to vote in the South
consisted of such regulations as literacy tests and poll taxes
Lynching in the South after Reconstruction
more than 80 percent of the lynchings in the entire nation, even surpassing the Far West
Prior to the Civil War, minstrel shows
contained ridiculous and ignorant portrayals of African-American culture
Lincoln’s plan for the readmission of former Confederate states to the Union
included provisions for providing freed slaves political and civil rights
Radical Republicans proposed the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution because
they wanted the constitution, not the emancipation proclamation, to acknowledge the end of slavery
Corruption in Southern Reconstruction governments was
part of the post-Civil War political culture throughout the nation
The most convincing evidence that “negro rule” during Reconstruction was not a valid concept is
freedmen controlled no state legislatures and no governorships
During Grant’s first term as president, the Republican Party divided over
the blatant use of patronage to solidify his support within the party
Republican support for the Compromise of 1877 came from
a desire to maintain office, and declining interest in civil rights for blacks
One of the most important legacies of Reconstruction for America was the
ratification of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments
In the Atlanta Constitution, Henry Grady championed the idea that
Southern culture and economy should adopt Northern commercial values
The crop-lien system in the South after the Civil War had all of the following effects except
increased opportunity to establish farms that were mainly self-sufficient
“Cast down your bucket where you are. Cast it down among the eight millions of Negroes whose habits you know” best expresses the ideas of
Booker T. Washington in the “Atlanta Compromise”
The white power structure in the “redeemed” South designed voting laws to
to stop both blacks and poor whites from politically uniting against them
