Chapter 13 Flashcards
Despite earlier efforts to settle the issue, the slavery question became a major issue in the 1840s and 1850s because the
The nation was expanding west
Advocates of Manifest Destiny claimed the motive for territorial expansion was to
extend American liberty to new territories
Almost all of the supporters of Manifest Destiny agreed that
Americans had a God-given right to expand their superior civilization into new territory
The initial migration of American settlers to Texas was encouraged by the
Mexican government
The main reason for the Texas Revolution was
Mexico had become a dictatorship
The victorious commanding general at the Battle of San Jacinto was
Sam Houston
Just before Texas became a U.S. state in 1845, Texas was a
an independent nation
In the 1840s, the Oregon Country’s ownership remained in dispute between the United States and
Britain
The first permanent American settlers in Oregon were mainly
fur traders
The second wave of permanent American settlers in Oregon were mainly
missionaries
Most migrants traveled to the West Coast by
covered wagon
The westward journey to the West Coast in the 1840s could be best characterized as
dangerous and strenuous
In the election campaign of 1844, Henry Clay
tried to avoid the issue of Texas
Martin Van Buren lost the 1844 Democratic party nomination for president because
He did not favor the immediate annexation of Texas
The main issue in James K. Polk’s 1844 presidential campaign was his commitment to
territorial expansion of the United States
The United States annexed Texas during the presidency of
John Tyler
In 1846, the United States signed a treaty dividing the Oregon territory along the 49th parallel with
Great Britain
The U.S. government precipitated a crisis with Mexico by
deploying an army in a disputed border area
From the 1820s to 1840s, Americans became involved in trade with New Mexico by traveling along the
Santa Fe Trail
In the 1820s, the Mexican government invited American traders to New Mexico primarily to
speed up the development of New Mexico
According to President Polk, war with Mexico began when
Mexican troops crossed the Rio Grande and attacked American troops
In Congress, most of the criticism of the Mexican War came from the
Whigs
The able commanding general of the United States’ forces in the Mexican War was
Winfield Scott
The heaviest fighting of the Mexican War occurred in
Central Mexico
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo included all the following provisions except
the United States retaining transit rights across Mexico
During the 1840s, President James K. Polk antagonized sectional interests by
appearing to treat Texas as more important than Oregon
During the late 1840s and early 1850s, the addition of new territory into the United States affected the sectional disagreements over slavery by
making them much worse
The Wilmot Proviso that prohibited slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico
passed the House but lost in the Senate
The proposal for popular sovereignty called for deciding the issue of slavery in the territories through
a popular vote by the residents of each territory
The California Gold Rush resulted in all of the following developments except
the kidnapping of thousands of Chinese to serve as workers
In 1849 and 1850, Congress was thrown into turmoil by the statehood application of
California
President Zachary Taylor favored the
swift admission of new states from the Mexican Cession, with the issue of slavery decided by the local inhabitants
The application for California statehood caused turmoil in Congress because
it would upset the balance between the slave and free states in the Senate
The provisions of the Compromise of 1850 included
abolishing the slave trade in the District of Columbia
The 1850 legislation that aimed at resolving all the sectional issues in one compromise package was introduced by
Henry Clay
When the Compromise of 1850 finally passed, it included all of the following provisions except
the exclusion of slavery from all parts of the Mexican Cession
The Compromise of 1850
became law after Senator Douglas maneuvered it through Congress
The man most responsible for getting the Compromise of 1850 through Congress was
Stephen A. Douglas
In the election of 1852, the Whig party lost the chance for victory when it split over the issue of
slavery
In the early 1850s, the Northern response to the Fugitive Slave Act included all of the following actions except
states banned Southern travelers from visiting Northern cities
Because of the “Young America” movement, the United States considered annexing parts of
Cuba
In the Ostend Manifesto, American diplomats called for American
annexation of Cuba, by force if necessary
Renewed sectional conflict in 1854 was triggered by the question of
building a transcontinental railroad
Stephen Douglas’s intention in introducing the Kansas-Nebraska bill seems to have been to
promote the construction of a Midwestern transcontinental railroad
he Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 contained all of the following provisions except
declaring the Wilmot Proviso void
The first political party to disintegrate over the issue of slavery was the
Whig
The turmoil over the Kansas-Nebraska Act led to the creation of the
Republican party
Popular sovereignty failed in Kansas because of
illegal voting by Missouri residents
“Bleeding Kansas” gained its reputation for violence because of the
sporadic warfare between settlers on opposing sides in the battle over the slavery issue
The “Crime against Kansas” speech resulted in the
Sumner-Brooks affair
In 1856, the U.S. Representative Preston Brooks, infuriated by an insulting speech directed against his uncle, beat with his cane U.S. Senator
Charles Sumner
During the late 1850s, the Free Laborites of the North came to believe in all of the following ideas except
Slavery was such a moral evil that it must be abolished quickly
From the 1830s onward, the general position of white Southerners on the issue of slavery
became increasingly sensitive and rigid in defense of the slave labor system
During the election of 1856, the major candidates included
James Buchanan
A significant aspect of James Buchanan’s win over John C. Fremont in the election of 1856 was
Fremont’s inability to gain votes in the South
In the 1857 case of Dred Scott v. Sanford, the Supreme Court ruled that
Congress had no authority to exclude slavery from the federal territories
When the question of Kansas reached Congress in 1857 and 1858, the Democratic president urged that
Congress admit the state to the Union under the proslavery Lecompton constitution
The Lincoln-Douglas debates resulted in all of the following events except
Lincoln maintained that the slaves must eventually be freed and awarded full legal equality
In the late 1850s, Abraham Lincoln argued that slavery should be
allowed to continue in the slave states, but prohibited in all territories
When John Brown raided Harper’s Ferry, all of the following events occurred except
the U.S. military refused to stop Brown
John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry
increased Southern fears of Northern hostility
During the election of 1860, the Democratic party
managed to draw what was left of the Whig party into its ranks
During the election of 1860, all of the following events occurred except
no one received a majority of the electoral votes, so the U.S. House selected Lincoln as the next president
During the 1850s,
compromises regarding slavery gave way to bitter divisiveness
The educational and oratorical brainchild of Josiah Holbrook was a movement called
lyceum
Lyceums were established as
a place for men and women to educate themselves about issues
During the middle of the nineteenth century, a spirited topic at lyceums was
slavery
Texas fought for its independence from Mexico because
Mexico’s government tried to impose stricter control over its provinces in the 1830s
John Jacob Astor’s main business on the Northwest Pacific coast involved
fur trapping and trading
Some Americans were opposed to the Mexican War because
they claimed that Polk deliberately had staged circumstances to start conflict
The Wilmot Proviso was continually defeated because
Southern senators opposed its slavery prohibition as against their section’s interests
All of the following characterized California during the gold rush except
Most immigrants gained wealth from finding gold
The Compromise of 1850 and the Missouri Compromise were alike in that both
designated territories open to slavery
The Young America movement
supported the ideology underlying the Revolutions of 1848 in Europe
John Brown’s actions in Kansas and Harper’s Ferry
offered proof to the South that an antislavery conspiracy existed
Democrat Franklin Pierce won the election of 1852 following a strategy of
avoiding the issue of slavery as much as possible
In the election of 1856, the Republican Party’s platform included
Internal improvements and repudiation of the Kansas-Nebraska Act
The South believed that a Northern conspiracy to overwhelm the South politically and economically existed for all of the following reasons except
personal liberty laws to inhibit the return of fugitive slaves
Using the information from the accompanying map, one could conclude which of the following about the election of 1860?
The vote for president divided along clear sectional lines
