Chapter 13

Question 1

Despite earlier efforts to settle the issue, the slavery question became a major issue in the 1840s and 1850s because the

Answer 1

The nation was expanding west

Question 2

Advocates of Manifest Destiny claimed the motive for territorial expansion was to

Answer 2

extend American liberty to new territories

Question 3

Almost all of the supporters of Manifest Destiny agreed that

Answer 3

Americans had a God-given right to expand their superior civilization into new territory

Question 4

The initial migration of American settlers to Texas was encouraged by the

Answer 4

Mexican government

Question 5

The main reason for the Texas Revolution was

Answer 5

Mexico had become a dictatorship

Question 6

The victorious commanding general at the Battle of San Jacinto was

Answer 6

Sam Houston

Question 7

Just before Texas became a U.S. state in 1845, Texas was a

Answer 7

an independent nation

Question 8

In the 1840s, the Oregon Country’s ownership remained in dispute between the United States and

Answer 8

Britain

Question 9

The first permanent American settlers in Oregon were mainly

Answer 9

fur traders

Question 10

The second wave of permanent American settlers in Oregon were mainly

Answer 10

missionaries

Question 11

Most migrants traveled to the West Coast by

Answer 11

covered wagon

Question 12

The westward journey to the West Coast in the 1840s could be best characterized as

Answer 12

dangerous and strenuous

Question 13

In the election campaign of 1844, Henry Clay

Answer 13

tried to avoid the issue of Texas

Question 14

Martin Van Buren lost the 1844 Democratic party nomination for president because

Answer 14

He did not favor the immediate annexation of Texas

Question 15

The main issue in James K. Polk’s 1844 presidential campaign was his commitment to

Answer 15

territorial expansion of the United States

Question 16

The United States annexed Texas during the presidency of

Answer 16

John Tyler

Question 17

In 1846, the United States signed a treaty dividing the Oregon territory along the 49th parallel with

Answer 17

Great Britain

Question 18

The U.S. government precipitated a crisis with Mexico by

Answer 18

deploying an army in a disputed border area

Question 19

From the 1820s to 1840s, Americans became involved in trade with New Mexico by traveling along the

Answer 19

Santa Fe Trail

Question 20

In the 1820s, the Mexican government invited American traders to New Mexico primarily to

Answer 20

speed up the development of New Mexico

Question 21

According to President Polk, war with Mexico began when

Answer 21

Mexican troops crossed the Rio Grande and attacked American troops

Question 22

In Congress, most of the criticism of the Mexican War came from the

Answer 22

Whigs

Question 23

The able commanding general of the United States’ forces in the Mexican War was

Answer 23

Winfield Scott

Question 24

The heaviest fighting of the Mexican War occurred in

Answer 24

Central Mexico

Question 25

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo included all the following provisions except

Answer 25

the United States retaining transit rights across Mexico

Question 26

During the 1840s, President James K. Polk antagonized sectional interests by

Answer 26

appearing to treat Texas as more important than Oregon

Question 27

During the late 1840s and early 1850s, the addition of new territory into the United States affected the sectional disagreements over slavery by

Answer 27

making them much worse

Question 28

The Wilmot Proviso that prohibited slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico

Answer 28

passed the House but lost in the Senate

Question 29

The proposal for popular sovereignty called for deciding the issue of slavery in the territories through

Answer 29

a popular vote by the residents of each territory

Question 30

The California Gold Rush resulted in all of the following developments except

Answer 30

the kidnapping of thousands of Chinese to serve as workers

Question 31

In 1849 and 1850, Congress was thrown into turmoil by the statehood application of

Answer 31

California

Question 32

President Zachary Taylor favored the

Answer 32

swift admission of new states from the Mexican Cession, with the issue of slavery decided by the local inhabitants

Question 33

The application for California statehood caused turmoil in Congress because

Answer 33

it would upset the balance between the slave and free states in the Senate

Question 34

The provisions of the Compromise of 1850 included

Answer 34

abolishing the slave trade in the District of Columbia

Question 35

The 1850 legislation that aimed at resolving all the sectional issues in one compromise package was introduced by

Answer 35

Henry Clay

Question 36

When the Compromise of 1850 finally passed, it included all of the following provisions except

Answer 36

the exclusion of slavery from all parts of the Mexican Cession

Question 37

The Compromise of 1850

Answer 37

became law after Senator Douglas maneuvered it through Congress

Question 38

The man most responsible for getting the Compromise of 1850 through Congress was

Answer 38

Stephen A. Douglas

Question 39

In the election of 1852, the Whig party lost the chance for victory when it split over the issue of

Answer 39

slavery

Question 40

In the early 1850s, the Northern response to the Fugitive Slave Act included all of the following actions except

Answer 40

states banned Southern travelers from visiting Northern cities

Question 41

Because of the “Young America” movement, the United States considered annexing parts of

Answer 41

Cuba

Question 42

In the Ostend Manifesto, American diplomats called for American

Answer 42

annexation of Cuba, by force if necessary

Question 43

Renewed sectional conflict in 1854 was triggered by the question of

Answer 43

building a transcontinental railroad

Question 44

Stephen Douglas’s intention in introducing the Kansas-Nebraska bill seems to have been to

Answer 44

promote the construction of a Midwestern transcontinental railroad

Question 45

he Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 contained all of the following provisions except

Answer 45

declaring the Wilmot Proviso void

Question 46

The first political party to disintegrate over the issue of slavery was the

Answer 46

Whig

Question 47

The turmoil over the Kansas-Nebraska Act led to the creation of the

Answer 47

Republican party

Question 48

Popular sovereignty failed in Kansas because of

Answer 48

illegal voting by Missouri residents

Question 49

“Bleeding Kansas” gained its reputation for violence because of the

Answer 49

sporadic warfare between settlers on opposing sides in the battle over the slavery issue

Question 50

The “Crime against Kansas” speech resulted in the

Answer 50

Sumner-Brooks affair

Question 51

In 1856, the U.S. Representative Preston Brooks, infuriated by an insulting speech directed against his uncle, beat with his cane U.S. Senator

Answer 51

Charles Sumner

Question 52

During the late 1850s, the Free Laborites of the North came to believe in all of the following ideas except

Answer 52

Slavery was such a moral evil that it must be abolished quickly

Question 53

From the 1830s onward, the general position of white Southerners on the issue of slavery

Answer 53

became increasingly sensitive and rigid in defense of the slave labor system

Question 54

During the election of 1856, the major candidates included

Answer 54

James Buchanan

Question 55

A significant aspect of James Buchanan’s win over John C. Fremont in the election of 1856 was

Answer 55

Fremont’s inability to gain votes in the South

Question 56

In the 1857 case of Dred Scott v. Sanford, the Supreme Court ruled that

Answer 56

Congress had no authority to exclude slavery from the federal territories

Question 57

When the question of Kansas reached Congress in 1857 and 1858, the Democratic president urged that

Answer 57

Congress admit the state to the Union under the proslavery Lecompton constitution

Question 58

The Lincoln-Douglas debates resulted in all of the following events except

Answer 58

Lincoln maintained that the slaves must eventually be freed and awarded full legal equality

Question 59

In the late 1850s, Abraham Lincoln argued that slavery should be

Answer 59

allowed to continue in the slave states, but prohibited in all territories

Question 60

When John Brown raided Harper’s Ferry, all of the following events occurred except

Answer 60

the U.S. military refused to stop Brown

Question 61

John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry

Answer 61

increased Southern fears of Northern hostility

Question 62

During the election of 1860, the Democratic party

Answer 62

managed to draw what was left of the Whig party into its ranks

Question 63

During the election of 1860, all of the following events occurred except

Answer 63

no one received a majority of the electoral votes, so the U.S. House selected Lincoln as the next president

Question 64

During the 1850s,

Answer 64

compromises regarding slavery gave way to bitter divisiveness

Question 65

The educational and oratorical brainchild of Josiah Holbrook was a movement called

Answer 65

lyceum

Question 66

Lyceums were established as

Answer 66

a place for men and women to educate themselves about issues

Question 67

During the middle of the nineteenth century, a spirited topic at lyceums was

Answer 67

slavery

Question 68

Texas fought for its independence from Mexico because

Answer 68

Mexico’s government tried to impose stricter control over its provinces in the 1830s

Question 69

John Jacob Astor’s main business on the Northwest Pacific coast involved

Answer 69

fur trapping and trading

Question 70

Some Americans were opposed to the Mexican War because

Answer 70

they claimed that Polk deliberately had staged circumstances to start conflict

Question 71

The Wilmot Proviso was continually defeated because

Answer 71

Southern senators opposed its slavery prohibition as against their section’s interests

Question 72

All of the following characterized California during the gold rush except

Answer 72

Most immigrants gained wealth from finding gold

Question 73

The Compromise of 1850 and the Missouri Compromise were alike in that both

Answer 73

designated territories open to slavery

Question 74

The Young America movement

Answer 74

supported the ideology underlying the Revolutions of 1848 in Europe

Question 75

John Brown’s actions in Kansas and Harper’s Ferry

Answer 75

offered proof to the South that an antislavery conspiracy existed

Question 76

Democrat Franklin Pierce won the election of 1852 following a strategy of

Answer 76

avoiding the issue of slavery as much as possible

Question 77

In the election of 1856, the Republican Party’s platform included

Answer 77

Internal improvements and repudiation of the Kansas-Nebraska Act

Question 78

The South believed that a Northern conspiracy to overwhelm the South politically and economically existed for all of the following reasons except

Answer 78

personal liberty laws to inhibit the return of fugitive slaves

Question 79

Using the information from the accompanying map, one could conclude which of the following about the election of 1860?

Answer 79

The vote for president divided along clear sectional lines