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Physical Science > Chapter 29 > Flashcards

Chapter 29 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A round, three-dimensional object, the surface of which is the same distance from the center in all directions

A

sphere

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2
Q

An elongated, closed curve with two foci

A

ellipse

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3
Q

What are some facts that prove the earth is a sphere?

A
  1. objects fall straight towards the surface
  2. shadow on moon
  3. People on different parts of the earth see different stars
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4
Q

What are two factors that affect gravitational pull?

A

Mass and distance

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5
Q

Which diameter of earth is longer?

A

equator

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6
Q

What does the magnetic field protect earth from?

A

Harmful radiation

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7
Q

What magnetic pull is located in the northern hemisphere?

A

South magnetic pull

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8
Q

At which degree is earths axis tilted?

A

11.7 degrees

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9
Q

Can magnetic pulls flip flop?

A

Yes

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10
Q

What is that large scale movement where the magnetic pulls flip?

A

Magnetic reversal

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11
Q

How often do magnetic reversals happen?

A

every 200,000 years

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12
Q

When did the last magnetic reversal happen?

A

780,000 years ago

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13
Q

Within earth’s magnetic sphere, what deflects harmful radiation?

A

Magnetosphere

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14
Q

What are the scientific name of the northern lights and the southern lights?

A

Northern: aurora borealis
Southern: aurora australis

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15
Q

How are the Aurora’s created?

A

Electrically-charged particles from the sun collide with atoms in the atmosphere and emit light

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16
Q

What month is earth closest to the sun?

A

January

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17
Q

What month is the earth farthest from the sun?

A

July

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18
Q

An area 15 degrees wide in which the time is the same

A

time zone

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19
Q

The spinning of Earth on its axis

A

rotation

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20
Q

The motion of Earth in an elliptical orbit around the sun

A

revolution

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21
Q

The plane of Earth’s orbit around the the sun

A

ecliptic

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22
Q

Occurs when Earth’s rotational axis is tilted directly toward the sun or away from the sun

A

solstice

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23
Q

The place where Earth’s rotational axis is perpendicular to a line drawn from the center of the sun

A

equinox

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24
Q

Who devised a method of timekeeping around 3000 BC?

A

Babylonians

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25
Q

What was the symbol for degree taken from?

A

Babylonians symbol for the sun

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26
Q

How many degrees does the earth spin in one day?

A

360 degrees

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27
Q

How many hours does it take the earth to make one full rotation?

A

24

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28
Q

How many degrees does the earth spin in one hour?

A

15

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29
Q

What direction does the sun rise?

A

east

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30
Q

What direction does the sun set?

A

west

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31
Q

True or false. All time zones are the exact same size?

A

False, they are modified to fit around cities, states, and country borders, and other key sites

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32
Q

How many time zones are there in the world?

A

24

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33
Q

Which direction do you move to add hours to the time?

A

East

34
Q

Which direction do you move to subtract hours from the time?

A

West

35
Q

How many time zones are there in the US?

A

6

36
Q

What are the names of the time zones?

A

Atlantic/Alaskan, Pacific, Mountain, Central, Eastern

37
Q

What is a solar day?

A

Sun at noon one day and sun at noon the next day

38
Q

What is a sidereal day?

A

Looking at a certain star when it comes up again the next day

39
Q

What are the two main reasons for seasons?

A

Revolution and tilt of the axis

40
Q

Which 2 seasons have a solstice?

A

Summer and winter

41
Q

Which month is the summer solstice?

A

June(21)

42
Q

Which month is the winter solstice?

A

December(21)

43
Q

Which two seasons are equinoxes?

A

Spring and Fall

44
Q

Which month is the spring equinox?

A

March (20/21)

45
Q

Which month is the fall equinox?

A

September (22/23)

46
Q

When is the longest day of the year?

A

June 21

47
Q

When is the shortest day of the year?

A

December 21

48
Q

When are the days almost 12 hours of day and 12 hours of night?

A

Spring and fall equinox (March 21/22) (September 22/23)

49
Q

A rise or fall in the ocean surface

A

tide

50
Q

The change in appearance of the moon as seen from earth

A

moon phase

51
Q

Occurs when the moon moves directly between the sun and earth casts a shadow on earth

A

solar eclipse

52
Q

Occurs when Earth passes between the Sun and the moon and casts a shadow on the moon

A

lunar eclipse

53
Q

Dark colored, flat, lava-filled regions on the Moon’s surface

A

Maria

54
Q

A layer of dusty lunar material produced by collisions between astroids

A

Regolith

55
Q

How many days does it take the moon to revolve around earth?

A

27.3

56
Q

A complete lunar phase cycle takes 29.5 day, what is it called?

A

Synodic month

57
Q

Do we ever see the back side of the moon?

A

No

58
Q

What causes a tide to rise or fall?

A

Gravitational pulls of the sun and moon

59
Q

What is the rise of sea level called?

A

High tide

60
Q

After the sea level rises how many hours does it take for the sea level to drop?

A

6

61
Q

Which is farther from the Earth, the moon or the sun?

A

Sun

62
Q

Does the moon or the sun cause a greater effect on Earth’s tides?

A

Moon

63
Q

How are the sun, the moon, and the Earth aligned for a spring tide?

A

The sun the earth and the moon are in a straight line

64
Q

How are the sun, the earth, and the moon aligned for a neap tide?

A

The moon sun and earth create a 90 degree angle

65
Q

What does the phase of the moon you see depend on?

A

The position of the Moon, Earth, and sun relative to each other

66
Q

When does a new moon occur?

A

When the moon is between the earth and the sun

67
Q

How many phases of the moon are there?

A
68
Q

What is the definition of waxing phases?

A
69
Q

What is the definition of waning phases?

A

The ill

70
Q

What are the moon phase names?

A

New moon, waxing crescent, 1st quarter, waxing gibbous, full, waning gibbous, 3rd quarter, waning crescent

71
Q

Where is the word month derived from?

A

German word meaning moon

72
Q

How is the earth, sun, and moon aligned during a solar eclipse?

A

moon is between earth and sun

73
Q

What is an umbra?

A

Darkest shadow from the moon that hits the earth

74
Q

What is a penumbra?

A

Partial eclipse

75
Q

How is the earth, moon, and sun aligned during a lunar eclipse?

A

The earth is between the sun and the moon

76
Q

How are the depressions on the moon formed?

A

Meteors, asteroids, and comets

77
Q

Are there mountains on the moon?

A

Yes

78
Q

Which side of the moon is thicker?

A

Dark side (side earth doesn’t see)

79
Q

Is the mantle of the moon solid or liquid?

A

solid

80
Q

What did the Clementine Spacecraft do? (2 things)

A

Confirmed the thickness of the crust

81
Q

What did the Lunar Prospector do? (3 things)

A

Surface photos of moon, confirmed it has a small, iron-rich core, supports the presence of water-ice on the moon

82
Q

What is the Giant Impact Theory?

A

Mars size object hit earth sending debris into orbit which condensed and created a large sized mass (the moon)

Physical Science (7 decks)

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