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Physical Science > CH 25 > Flashcards

CH 25 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Mid-Ocean ridge

A

A system of mountain ranges on the seafloor separated by valleys.

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2
Q

Rift Valley

A

A long, narrow depression.

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3
Q

Convergent Plate Boundary

A

The boundary where two plates collide.

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4
Q

Subduction

A

A process where when a thick and buoyant continental plate meets a thin and dense oceanic plate, the denser plate dives beneath the continent.

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5
Q

Divergent Plate Boundary

A

The boundary between two plates that are moving apart.

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6
Q

Transform Plate Boundary

A

A type of boundary where plates slide horizontally past each other in opposite directions.

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7
Q

Earthquake

A

The sudden movement or vibration of the ground that occurs when rocks slip and slide along enormous cracks in Earth’s crust called faults.

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8
Q

Fault

A

A crack in Earth’s crust along which rock has moved.

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9
Q

Elastic Rebound

A

A sudden release of strain energy as rock moves along a fault.

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10
Q

Focus

A

The point of origin for an earthquake.

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11
Q

Epicenter

A

The point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus.

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12
Q

Who came up with the continental drift hypothesis?

A

Alfred Wegener

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13
Q

What were some pieces of evidence that supported Alfred’s hypothesis?

A
  1. Large land animal fossils
  2. Coastlines fit together like puzzle pieces
  3. Mountain ranges line up and have the same rock composition
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14
Q

What was the name of the super continent?

A

Pangaea

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15
Q

Who came up with the Seafloor Spreading Hypothesis?

A

Harry Hess

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16
Q

What did Hess use to help him create a map of the seafloor?

A

Sonar

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17
Q

Who discovered the mid-ocean ridge?

A

Harry Hess

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18
Q

Where will younger rock be located?

A

Near the MOR

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19
Q

What are the three types of plate boundaries?

A
  1. Divergent
  2. Convergent
  3. Transform
20
Q

Subduction only happens with what kind of plate boundary?

A

Convergent

21
Q

What are the two types of crust that are involved in plate boundary movement?

A
  1. Oceanic

2. Continental

22
Q

What land forms can form when oceanic crust and continental crust converge?

A
  1. Volcano

2. Deep-sea trench

23
Q

What land forms can be created when two oceanic crusts collide?

A
  1. Hot spots=they create islands

2. Deep-sea trench

24
Q

What land form is created when two continental crusts converge?

A

Mountains

25
Q

What type of crust must be present for volcanic activity to occur?

A

Oceanic crust

26
Q

How do divergent plate boundaries move?

A

They move in opposite directions.

27
Q

What are two examples of divergent plate boundaries?

A
  1. Mid ocean ridge (made up of oceanic crust)

2. East African Rift (made up of two continental crusts)

28
Q

How do transform plate boundaries move?

A

They slide by eachother.

29
Q

What is a specific example of a transform plate boundary?

A

San Andreas Fault. (Two continental crusts

30
Q

How do convection currents work?

A
  1. Magma heats up, becomes less dense, then rises.

2. Magma cools down, becomes more dense, then sinks.

31
Q

What are the other forces that help with plate movement?

A
  1. Slab pull
  2. Ridge push
  3. Friction between plates and the mantle
32
Q

What two types of boundaries have shallow earthquakes?

A
  1. Divergent

2. Transform

33
Q

Which type of plate boundary has deep earthquakes?

A
34
Q

What are the types of stresses that can be applied to rock?

A
  1. compression
  2. tension
  3. shear
  4. torsion
35
Q

What are the two types of deformation?

A
  1. Elastic

2. plastic

36
Q

What happens to a rock during elastic deformation?

A

it deforms and returns to its original shape.

37
Q

What happens to a rock during plastic deformation?

A

It deforms and stays in that same shape.

38
Q

What are the kinds of seismic waves?

A
  1. Secondary

2. Surface

39
Q

Which type of seismic wave moves the fastest?

A

Primary

40
Q

How do primary waves move?

A

They are compression waves

41
Q

What type of materials do P-waves move through?

A

Solids and liquids

42
Q

How do secondary waves move?

A

They are transverse waves.

43
Q

What type of materials do secondary waves move through?

A

Solids

44
Q

Which type of wave is the most complex and does the most damage?

A

Surface waves

45
Q

What are the two scales used to measure earthquakes?

A
  1. Richter

2. Mercalli

46
Q

What does the Richter scale tell us about n earthquake?

A

The amount of energy released.

47
Q

What does the Mercalli scale tell us about an earthquake?

A

The amount of damage it causes.

Physical Science (7 decks)

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