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Physical Science > Chapter 28 > Flashcards

Chapter 28 Flashcards

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1
Q

A layer extending an average of 12 km above Earth’s surface

A

Troposphere

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2
Q

Occurs when air temperature increases with altitude and the air becomes stable

A

temperature inversion

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3
Q

A natural process in which certain gases in the atmosphere warm a planet as they absorbed and emit infrared radiation

A

Greenhouse effect

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4
Q

How are the atmospheres layers divided?

A

Differences in composition and temperature

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5
Q

What gas makes up the majority of the atmosphere?

A

Nitrogen (78%)

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6
Q

What gas makes up 21% of the atmosphere?

A

Oxygen

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7
Q

What is the remaining one percent of gases?

A

Trace gases the majority is Argon

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8
Q

In the troposphere layer, does temperature increase or decrease with altitude?

A

Decreases

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9
Q

How many layers are there within the Earth’s atmosphere?

A

5

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10
Q

What are the names of the atmospheric layers closest to Earth’s surface to farthest to Earth’s surface?

A

Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere

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11
Q

What layer is the O-zone layer found in?

A

Stratosphere

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12
Q

Within the mesosphere does the temperature increase or decrease with altitude?

A
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13
Q

Does the thermosphere and the exosphere effect weather?

A

No

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14
Q

How much solar radiation is absorbed by earth’s surface?

A

50%

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15
Q

How much solar radiation is reflected off of earth’s surface?

A

5%

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16
Q

How much solar radiation is absorbed by particles in the atmosphere?

A

20%

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17
Q

How much solar radiation is reflected off of the particles in the atmosphere?

A

25%

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18
Q

What are the three basic cloud types?

A

Stratus, cumulus, and cirrus

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19
Q

Describe stratus clouds.

A

Layered, sheet-like clouds

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20
Q

Describe cumulus clouds.

A

Puffy

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21
Q

Describe cirrus clouds.

A

wispy, high altitude

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22
Q

What are the steps of the water cycle?

A

Evaporation, condensation, precipitation, runoff, infiltration, transpiration

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23
Q

A narrow band of fast-moving, high altitude air.

A

Jet stream

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24
Q

The apparent deflection of an object due to Earth’s rotation.

A

Coriolis effect

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25
Q

A large volume of air with uniform moisture and temperature throughout.

A

Air mass

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26
Q

Where air masses interact in zones.

A

Weather fronts

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27
Q

How many Jet streams are there?

A

4

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28
Q

How many pressure systems are there?

A

2

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29
Q

What is a low pressure system also known as?

A

a Low (L)

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30
Q

Which way does the air flow for a low pressure system?

A

counterclockwise

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31
Q

What are some results of a low pressure system?

A

Cloud formation and precipitation

32
Q

What is a high pressure system known as?

A

High (H)

33
Q

Which way does a high pressure system rotate?

A

Clockwise

34
Q

What is the result of a high pressure system?

A

Clear skies

35
Q

What are the four weather fronts?

A

Cold front, warm front, stationary front, occluded front

36
Q

How is a cold front created?

A

Cold air forces warm air upward

37
Q

How is a cold front represented on a weather forecast?

A

Blue triangles

38
Q

How are warm fronts created?

A

Warm air rises gently above cold air

39
Q

How are warm fronts represented on a weather forecast?

A

Red half-circles

40
Q

How are stationary fronts created?

A

Cold and warm air masses meet and can last for days

41
Q

How are stationary fronts represented on a weather forecast?

A

Red half-circles on top and blue triangles on bottom

42
Q

How are occluded fronts created?

A

Fast moving cold front overtakes a slow warm front

43
Q

How are occluded fronts represented on a weather forecast?

A

Purple half-circles and triangles on top

44
Q

A climate that is strongly affected by an ocean.

A

Maritime climate

45
Q

A climate that is not directly affected by an ocean.

A

Continental climate

46
Q

A breeze that blows from over the water toward land in the afternoon, when the land is warmer then the water.

A

sea breeze

47
Q

What is climate?

A

Long-term average of weather conditions

48
Q

What is weather?

A

The day to day outside conditions

49
Q

What are the five spheres that make up the Earth’s system?

A

Atmosphere, Biosphere, Hydrosphere, Lithosphere, Cryosphere

50
Q

What is the Atmosphere?

A

Air around us

51
Q

What is the Biosphere?

A

Everything organic

52
Q

What is the Hydrosphere?

A

Liquid water

53
Q

What is the Cryosphere?

A

Frozen water

54
Q

What is the Lithosphere?

A

Earth’s outermost layer

55
Q

What is the primary factor that influences climate at any given location?

A

Latitude

56
Q

Where is solar radiation the most intense on Earth’s surface?

A

The equator

57
Q

At what angle do the sun’s rays hit the tropical zone?

A

90 degrees

58
Q

At what angle does the sun’s rays hit the temperate zone?

A

45 degrees

59
Q

At what angle do the sun’s rays hit the polar zones?

A

30 degrees

60
Q

What other factors determine climate?

A

Precipitation, mountains, bodies of water

61
Q

On the windward side, what are the conditions like?

A

Cool and wet, lots of vegetation

62
Q

On the leeward side, what are the conditions like?

A

Warm and dry, little to no vegetation

63
Q

What is land breeze?

A

The wind comes from the land to the water at night

64
Q

What type of climate zone and vegetation does Lamar have?

A

Warm, semi-arid climate

Grassland vegetation

65
Q

An increase in the average temperatures of Earth’s near-surface air and oceans

A

global warming

66
Q

The warming of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of western South America that occurs every 3 to 10 years

A

El Nino

67
Q

When trade winds in the Pacific are unusually strong and surface water is colder than normal

A

La Nina

68
Q

What are the two changes that Earths climate undergoes?

A

Seasonal and long-term

69
Q

How do seasonal changes occur?

A

As the Earth revolves around the Sun

70
Q

When we are in summer time, are we closer or farther away from the sun?

A

Closer

71
Q

Which hemisphere experiences summer?

A

The hemisphere tilting toward the sun

72
Q

What was the period of time called where most of the Earth was covered in ice?

A

The ice age

73
Q

How long ago did the Earths climate reach its current pattern?

A

3,000 years ago

74
Q

What are some factors that can effect climate change?

A

Change in Earth’s axis
Shape of the orbit
distance from the sun

75
Q

What are some human factors that can change climate?

A

Energy consumption
Deforestation
Industrial and agricultural practice

76
Q

What is deforestation?

A

Clearing of large areas of forest land

Physical Science (7 decks)

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