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Physical Science > Chapter 28 > Flashcards

Chapter 28 Flashcards

1
Q

A layer extending an average of 12 km above Earth’s surface

A

Troposphere

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2
Q

Occurs when air temperature increases with altitude and the air becomes stable

A

temperature inversion

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3
Q

A natural process in which certain gases in the atmosphere warm a planet as they absorbed and emit infrared radiation

A

Greenhouse effect

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4
Q

How are the atmospheres layers divided?

A

Differences in composition and temperature

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5
Q

What gas makes up the majority of the atmosphere?

A

Nitrogen (78%)

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6
Q

What gas makes up 21% of the atmosphere?

A

Oxygen

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7
Q

What is the remaining one percent of gases?

A

Trace gases the majority is Argon

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8
Q

In the troposphere layer, does temperature increase or decrease with altitude?

A

Decreases

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9
Q

How many layers are there within the Earth’s atmosphere?

A

5

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10
Q

What are the names of the atmospheric layers closest to Earth’s surface to farthest to Earth’s surface?

A

Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere

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11
Q

What layer is the O-zone layer found in?

A

Stratosphere

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12
Q

Within the mesosphere does the temperature increase or decrease with altitude?

A
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13
Q

Does the thermosphere and the exosphere effect weather?

A

No

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14
Q

How much solar radiation is absorbed by earth’s surface?

A

50%

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15
Q

How much solar radiation is reflected off of earth’s surface?

A

5%

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16
Q

How much solar radiation is absorbed by particles in the atmosphere?

A

20%

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17
Q

How much solar radiation is reflected off of the particles in the atmosphere?

A

25%

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18
Q

What are the three basic cloud types?

A

Stratus, cumulus, and cirrus

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19
Q

Describe stratus clouds.

A

Layered, sheet-like clouds

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20
Q

Describe cumulus clouds.

A

Puffy

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21
Q

Describe cirrus clouds.

A

wispy, high altitude

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22
Q

What are the steps of the water cycle?

A

Evaporation, condensation, precipitation, runoff, infiltration, transpiration

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23
Q

A narrow band of fast-moving, high altitude air.

A

Jet stream

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24
Q

The apparent deflection of an object due to Earth’s rotation.

A

Coriolis effect

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25
A large volume of air with uniform moisture and temperature throughout.
Air mass
26
Where air masses interact in zones.
Weather fronts
27
How many Jet streams are there?
4
28
How many pressure systems are there?
2
29
What is a low pressure system also known as?
a Low (L)
30
Which way does the air flow for a low pressure system?
counterclockwise
31
What are some results of a low pressure system?
Cloud formation and precipitation
32
What is a high pressure system known as?
High (H)
33
Which way does a high pressure system rotate?
Clockwise
34
What is the result of a high pressure system?
Clear skies
35
What are the four weather fronts?
Cold front, warm front, stationary front, occluded front
36
How is a cold front created?
Cold air forces warm air upward
37
How is a cold front represented on a weather forecast?
Blue triangles
38
How are warm fronts created?
Warm air rises gently above cold air
39
How are warm fronts represented on a weather forecast?
Red half-circles
40
How are stationary fronts created?
Cold and warm air masses meet and can last for days
41
How are stationary fronts represented on a weather forecast?
Red half-circles on top and blue triangles on bottom
42
How are occluded fronts created?
Fast moving cold front overtakes a slow warm front
43
How are occluded fronts represented on a weather forecast?
Purple half-circles and triangles on top
44
A climate that is strongly affected by an ocean.
Maritime climate
45
A climate that is not directly affected by an ocean.
Continental climate
46
A breeze that blows from over the water toward land in the afternoon, when the land is warmer then the water.
sea breeze
47
What is climate?
Long-term average of weather conditions
48
What is weather?
The day to day outside conditions
49
What are the five spheres that make up the Earth's system?
Atmosphere, Biosphere, Hydrosphere, Lithosphere, Cryosphere
50
What is the Atmosphere?
Air around us
51
What is the Biosphere?
Everything organic
52
What is the Hydrosphere?
Liquid water
53
What is the Cryosphere?
Frozen water
54
What is the Lithosphere?
Earth's outermost layer
55
What is the primary factor that influences climate at any given location?
Latitude
56
Where is solar radiation the most intense on Earth's surface?
The equator
57
At what angle do the sun's rays hit the tropical zone?
90 degrees
58
At what angle does the sun's rays hit the temperate zone?
45 degrees
59
At what angle do the sun's rays hit the polar zones?
30 degrees
60
What other factors determine climate?
Precipitation, mountains, bodies of water
61
On the windward side, what are the conditions like?
Cool and wet, lots of vegetation
62
On the leeward side, what are the conditions like?
Warm and dry, little to no vegetation
63
What is land breeze?
The wind comes from the land to the water at night
64
What type of climate zone and vegetation does Lamar have?
Warm, semi-arid climate | Grassland vegetation
65
An increase in the average temperatures of Earth's near-surface air and oceans
global warming
66
The warming of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of western South America that occurs every 3 to 10 years
El Nino
67
When trade winds in the Pacific are unusually strong and surface water is colder than normal
La Nina
68
What are the two changes that Earths climate undergoes?
Seasonal and long-term
69
How do seasonal changes occur?
As the Earth revolves around the Sun
70
When we are in summer time, are we closer or farther away from the sun?
Closer
71
Which hemisphere experiences summer?
The hemisphere tilting toward the sun
72
What was the period of time called where most of the Earth was covered in ice?
The ice age
73
How long ago did the Earths climate reach its current pattern?
3,000 years ago
74
What are some factors that can effect climate change?
Change in Earth's axis Shape of the orbit distance from the sun
75
What are some human factors that can change climate?
Energy consumption Deforestation Industrial and agricultural practice
76
What is deforestation?
Clearing of large areas of forest land

Physical Science (7 decks)

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