chapter 28 vocab Flashcards
totalitarianism
a radical dictatorship that ezercises “total claims” over beliefs and behavior of its citizens by taking control of the economic, social, intellectual, and cultural aspects of society
fascism
a movement characterized by extreme often expansionist nationalism, antisocialism, a dynamic and violent leader, and glorification of war and the military
eugenics
a pseudoscientific doctrine that maintains the selective breeding of human beings can imrpove the general characteristics of a national population, which helped inspire nazi ideas about “race and space” and ultimately contributed to the holocaust
five year plan
a plan launched by stalin in 1928 and termed the “revolution from above” aimed at modernizing the soviet union and creating a new communist society with new attitudes, new loyalties, and a new socialist humanity
new economic policy (NEP)
lenin’s 1921 policy to re-estbalish limited economic freedom in an attempt to rebuild agriculture and industry in the face of economic disintegration
collectivization of agriculture
the forcible consolidation of individual peasant farms into large state controlled enterprises in teh soviet union under stalin
kulaks
the better off peasants who were stripped of land and livestock under stalin and were generally not permitted to join collective farms; many of them starved or ere deported to forced labor camps for “re-education”
black shirts
mussolinis private militia that destroyed socialist newspapers, union halls, and socialist party headquarters, eventually pushing socialists out of the city governments of northern italty
lateran agreement
a 1929 agreement that recognized the vatican as an independent state, with mussolini agreeing to give the church heavy financial support in return for public support from the pope
national socialism
a movement born of extreme nationalism and racism, led by adolf hitler, that ruled germany from 1933 to 1945 and forced europe into the second world war
enabling act
an act pushed through the reichstag by the nazis that gave hitler absolute dictatorial powers for 4 years
appeasement
the british policy toward germany prior to WWII that aimed at granting hitler whatever he wanted, including western czechoslovakia in order to avoid war
new order
hitlers program based on racial imperialism, which gave preferential treatment to the nordic peoples; the french, an “inferior” latin people, occupied the middle position, and the slavs and jews were treated harshly as subhumans
holocaust
the systematic effort of the nazi state to exterminate all european jews and other groups deemed racially inferior during WWII
