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chapter 24 questions Flashcards

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1
Q

List 3 reasons why Louis Napoleon Bonaparte won the French presidential elections of 1848

A
  1. had the name of his uncle 2. middle-class and peasant property owners feared the socialist challenge of urban workers, and wanted a tough ruler to provide protection 3. had a “positive” program for France, which had been explain in pamphlets before the election and which guided him through his reign
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2
Q

what did Louis Napoleon do when the National Assembly failed to cooperate?

A

conspired with army officers and on 12/2/1851 he dismissed the Assembly and seized power in a coup d’etat

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3
Q

Louis Napoleon was procliaimed

A

Emperor Napoleon III

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4
Q

Louis Napoleon’s greatest success was with the

A

economy

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5
Q

Prior to 1850 had Italy become united

A

no

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6
Q

what did Metternich call Italy

A

a geographical expression

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7
Q

What were the 3 approaches to unifying Italy?

A
  1. Guiseppe Mazzini preached centralized democratic republic based on universal male suffrage 2. Vincenzo Gioberti, priest, called for federation under the presidency of a progressive pope 3. program of those who looked for leadership to the autocratic kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont
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8
Q

Who was the dominant figure in the Sardinian government from 1850-1861

A

Cavour

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9
Q

Who did Cavour make an alliance with to try and drive Austria out of Northern Italy

A

Napoleon III

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10
Q

What happened as a result of the Franco-Sardinian War against Austria?

A

Sardinia only gained Lombardy from Austria

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11
Q

What decision did central italy make?

A

join a greatly enlarged kingdom of Sardinia under Victor Emmanuel

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12
Q

Who were the “Red Shirts”?

A

guerrila army of Giuseppe Garibaldi

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13
Q

The new kingdom of Italy became a ____________ under Victor Emmanuel

A

parliamentary monarchy

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14
Q

Explain the role of the Zollverein in German Unification

A

Prussia’s leading role within the Zollverein gave it a valuable advantage in its struggle against Austria’s supremacy

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15
Q

What did Bismarck say about parliamentary consent

A

government would rule without parliamentary consent, instead by “blood and iron”

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16
Q

Explain the Schleswig-Holstein affair

A

two provinces that belonged to Denmark were part of the German Confederation, and Austria and Prussia allied together and went to war against the Danish King when he tried to reclaim them

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17
Q

Describe the Austro-Prussian War

A

war of 1866 that ended with a Prussian victory, Austria paid no reparations but Venetia was ceded to Italy. The German Confederation was dissolved and Austria withdrew from German affairs,and the remaining principalities formed the new North German Confederation

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18
Q

Who became leader of the North German Confederation?

A

William I, Bismarck as chancellor

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19
Q

What was the final act in German Unification?

A

Franco-Prussian War

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20
Q

Where was William I proclaimed emperor of Germany?

A

Hall of Mirrors, Versailles

21
Q

What rich French province was ceded to Germany

A

Alsace and part of Lorraine

22
Q

What was the Homestead Act?

A

result of the american civil war that gave land to settlers

23
Q

define “manifest destiny”

A

idea that america was destined to colonize the continent, provoking nationalism

24
Q

modernization

A

the changes that enable a country to compete effectively with the leading countries at a given time

25
Q

What happened to Russian in the Crimean Wars?

A

suffered horrible defeat

26
Q

What great reform did Tsar Alex II make in 1861

A

freed the serfs

27
Q

what was the zemstvo

A

a new institution of local government

28
Q

what happened when Tsar Alex II was assassinated?

A

Alex III took the throne and ended the age of reform; Russia achieved a surge of industrialization form 1890-1900

29
Q

who was sergei witte

A

minster of finance from 1892-1903 who encouraged foregin investment, industralization, etc.

30
Q

What happened in the Russo-Japanese War?

A

Russia loses again, shows its military is still behind

31
Q

Bloody Sunday?

A

massacre of peaceful protesters at the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg in 1905 that triggered a revolution that made Russia into a conservative constitutional monarchy

32
Q

October Manifesto?

A

result of a great strike in October 1905, it granted full civil rights and promised a popularly elected Duma with real legislative power

33
Q

Duma?

A

Russian parliament that opened in 1906, elected indirectly by universal male suffrage but controlled after 1907 by the tsar and the conservative class

34
Q

who were the young turks?

A

fervent patriots who seized power in the revolution of 1908 in the ottmonan empire, forcing conservative sultan to implement reforms

35
Q

after 1871, european domestic politics had what common framework

A

strong national states

36
Q

what were the 2 common themes within that framework

A

mass loyalty to the state & mass politics

37
Q

why did ordinary people feel increasing loyalty to their governments

A

more people could vote and governments passed laws to alleviate general problems

38
Q

Kulturekampf

A

attack on catholic church within germany from 1870-78, resulting in pope Pius IX’s declaration of papal infallibilty

39
Q

what did bismarck do to control the Social Democratic Party

A

had it outlawed

40
Q

what happened to bismarck when William II became emperor

A

he was dismissed from office

41
Q

what happened to the paris commune

A

the assembly ordered the french army to paris and crushed the commune

42
Q

Dreyfus Affair

A

see vocab flashcards

43
Q

what was the people’s budget

A

see vocab flashcards

44
Q

what liberal prime minister introduced bills to give to ireland self-government

A

william gladstone

45
Q

after the defeat of Austria by Prussia, Austria was forced to do what

A

establish a dual monarchy that divided the empire into two-parts, giving Hungary virtual independence

46
Q

define zionism

A

see vocab flashcards

47
Q

before 1914 how were Jews treated?

A

they were incredibly oppressed

48
Q

explain revisionism

A

see vocab flashcards

history (14 decks)

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