Chapter 24 vocab

Question 1

Red Shirts

Answer 1

the guerrilla army of Giuseppe Garibaldi, who invaded Sicily in 1860 in an attempt to liberate it, winning the hearts of the Sicilian peasantry

Question 2

Homestead Act

Answer 2

a result of the American Civil War that gave western land to settlers, reinforcing the concept of free labor in a market economy

Question 3

Modernization

Answer 3

the changes that enable a country to compete effectively with the leading countries at a given time

Question 4

Bloody Sunday

Answer 4

a massacre of peaceful protesters at the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg in 1905 that triggered a revolution that overturned absolute tsarist rule and made Russia into a conservative constitutional monarchy

Question 5

October Manifesto

Answer 5

the result of a great general strike in October 1905, it granted full civil rights and promised a popularly elected Duma with real legislative power

Question 6

Duma

Answer 6

the Russian parliament that opened in 1906, elected indirectly by universal male suffrage but controlled after 1907 by the tsar and the conservative classes

Question 7

Tanzimat

Answer 7

a set of reforms designed to remake the ottoman empire on a wester European model

Question 8

Young Turks

Answer 8

fervent patriots who seized power in the revolution of 1908 in the Ottoman Empire, forcing the conservative sultan to implement reforms

Question 9

Reichstag

Answer 9

the popularly elected lower house of government of the new German Empire after 1781

Question 10

Kulturkampf

Answer 10

Bismarck’s attack on Catholic Church within Germany from 1870-1878 resulting from Pius IX’s declaration of papal infallibilty

Question 11

Dreyfus Affair

Answer 11

a divisive case in which Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish captain in the French army, was falsely accused and convicted if treason in 1894. The Catholic Church sided with the anti-Semites against Dreyfus; after he was declared innocent, the French government severed all ties between the state and the church

Question 12

People’s Budget

Answer 12

a bill proposed after the Liberal Party came into power in England in 1906, it was designed to increase spending on social welfare services, but was initially vetoed in the House of Lords

Question 13

Zionism

Answer 13

a movement toward Jewish political nationhood started by Theodor Herzl

Question 14

revisionism

Answer 14

an effort by moderate socialists to update Marxian doctrines to reflect the realities of the 20th century