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Anatomy Exam #4 > Chapter 28 : Reproductive System > Flashcards

Chapter 28 : Reproductive System Flashcards

0
Q

what are the two parts of the ovary we need to know?

A

cortex and medulla

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1
Q

what is the job of the ovaries?

A

produce oocytes

make estrogen and progesterone

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2
Q

what is oogenisis?

A

ovum production

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3
Q

what is the ovarian cycle?

A

oogenesis that occurs in a 28-30 day cycle

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4
Q

What are the two phases of oogenesis?

A

follicular phase

luteal phase

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5
Q

what is involved in the follicular phase?

A
  • growth of egg cell and surrounding follicular cells
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6
Q

how long does the follicular phase last?

A

about 14 days

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7
Q

what hormone is related to the follicular phase?

A

estrogen (high output from day 7-14)

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8
Q

what is ovulation?

A

oocyte leaves follicle and enters Fallopian tube.

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9
Q

what are oocytes called before they being to grow at all?

A

primordial oocyte

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10
Q

what is the oocyte called when it first beings to grow?

A

primary follicle

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11
Q

what is the oocyte called before ovulation and what surrounds it?

A

primary oocyte, follicular cells

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12
Q

what kind of fluid form around the oocyte before it is ready for ovualtion?

A

follicular fluid

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13
Q

what are the parts of the uterine tube?

A

infundibulum
ampulla
isthmus
uterine part

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14
Q

what is involved in the luteal phase?

A

post-ovulation period when the corpus luteum is active.

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15
Q

how long does the luteal phase last?

A

about 14 days

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16
Q

when does ovulation occur?

A

at day 14

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17
Q

what hormone is related to the luteal phase?

A

progesterone (high output from day 15-24)

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18
Q

what structures are present in the luteal phase?

A

corpus luteum

corpus albicans

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19
Q

what are the fingerlike projections at the beginning of the uterine tubes called that aid the oocyte into the uterine tube?

A

fimbriae

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20
Q

what is the top portion of the uterus called?

A

fundus of uterus

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21
Q

what is the large portion of the uterus called?

A

body of the uterus

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22
Q

what is the narrowing at the bottom of the uterus called?

A

isthmus

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23
Q

what are the layers of the wall of the uterus?

A

endometrium
myometrium
perimetrium

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24
what are the parts of the cervix?
internal os cervical canal external os
25
during the uterine cycle, what layer of the uterus experiences changes in response to hormonal changes?
endometrium
26
what are the three phases of the uterine cylce?
menses proliferative phase secretory phase
27
what happens during mensus?
destruction of functional zone (menstration)
28
what happens during the proliferative phase?
repair and regeneration of the functional zone (rebuilding)
29
what occurs during the secretory phase?
secretion of endometrial glands (glands produce nutrients)
30
the mensus and proliferative phases are related to (colder/warmer) basal body temperatures, while the secretory phase is related to (colder/warmer) basal body temperatures?
colder, warmer
31
mensus last how many days?
about 7
32
the proliferative phase lasts how many days?
about 7
33
the secretory phase lasts how many days?
about 14
34
what are the estrogen and progesterone levels like during mensus?
E : low | P : low
35
what are the estrogen and progesterone levels like during the proliferation phase?
E : increasing ( this is the driving force of the proliferating phase) P : low
36
what are the hormone levels like during the secretory phase?
E : start high, drop to a lower level | P : high (this is the driving force of the secretory phase)
37
what is the function of the vagina?
it is a passage way for... - menstrual fluid - intercourse - birth canal
38
What are the two triangles in the external genitalia of females?
urogenital triangle | anal triangle
40
What makes up the external genitalia of females?
- glans of clitoris - labia minora - labia majora - vaginal entrance - vestibule
41
what is the vestibule of the female genitalia?
it is the space between the labia minora
42
what does the vestibule contain?
- greater vestibular (bartholins glans) -> similar to cowpers glans in males.
43
What makes up the scrotum?
- skin | - superficial scrotal fascia
44
approximately how many lobules are there per testis?
250
45
where are sperm cells produced?
seminiferous tubule
46
what is sperm production called?
spermatogenesis
47
what are the two phases in spermatogenesis?
- genetic material halved | - spermiogenesis
48
germ cells that are the origin of sperm cells and are diploid are called what?
spermatogonia
49
what process do spermatogonia cells go through to become sperm cells?
meiosis
50
What are the spermatogonia cells called after they go through meiosis?
spermatids
51
what happens during spermiogenesis?
morphological changes that are needed to form sperm that will be motile
52
What are the regulatory cells that lie in the tissue between the seminiferous tubules?
interstitial cells
53
what do interstitial cells make?
testosterone
54
__ is used for the storage and protection as spermatozoa matures
epididymus
55
__ means acquiring the ability to swim or move
capacitation
56
where does capacitation occur?
epididymus
57
what are the parts of the epididymus?
- head, body, and tail of the epididymus
58
__ is used for the transporting of spermatozoa from the edididymus to the urethra during ejaculation.
ductus (Vas) deferens
59
what is the order of transport for sperm to leave that body?
- end of ductus deferens (ampulla) - ejaculatory duct - urethra
60
what are the parts of the male urethra?
prostatic urethra membranous urethra spongy urethra
61
__ is where the ductus deferens and the seminal vesicle come together.
ejaculatory duct
62
what are the accessory organs of the male reproductive system?
- seminal vesicle - prostate gland - bulbourethral (cowper's) gland
63
seminal vesicles generate how much of the volume of semen?
60%
64
what do the seminal vesicles produce?
seminal fluid
65
what does seminal fluid contain?
fructose prostaglandins = slightly alkaline
66
what is the function of fructose in seminal fluid?
energy source for sperm cells
67
what is the function of prostaglandins in seminal fluid?
- suppress immune response by females | - stimulates smooth muscle contraction in male and female reproductive tract (promotes widening of cervical os
68
where is the prostate gland found?
surrounding the proximal urethra
69
the prostate gland makes up __% of the volume of semen.
about 25
70
what does the prostate gland produce?
prostatic fluid
71
what does prostatic fluid look like?
milky
72
what does prostatic fluid contain?
- citrate - seminalplasmin - prostate-specific antigen
73
what is the function of citrate in prostatic fluid?
nutrient source for sperm cells
74
what is the function of seminalplasmin in prostatic fluid?
antibiotic
75
what is the purpose of prostate-specific antigen in prostatic fluid?
has PSA enzyme that helps liquify semen following ejaculation.
76
___ is the increase in size of the prostate gland.
prostate heterotrophy
77
what can prostate heterotrophy lead to?
cancer, but is usually normal to and extent as men age
78
what does the bulbourethral gland produce and what is its purpose?
- thick, alkaline mucus | - to protect urethral lining, lubricates glans, neutralizes vaginal environment.
79
how much semen is typically produced during a single ejaculation?
2-5 mL (teaspoon)
80
what does semen contain?
- sperm from seminiferous tubules in testes | - seminal fluid
81
where does seminal fluid come from?
- seminal vesicle - prostate gland - bulbourethral glands
82
what are the two external triangles in males?
urogenital triangle | anal triangle
83
what is the shaft (body) of the penis dominated by?
spongy erectile tissue
84
what makes up the spongy erectile tissue?
- corpora cavernosa (2) | - corpus spongiosum (1)
85
where are the central arteries in the penis found?
down the middle of each of the corpora cavernosa
86
what helps dilate the arteries in the penis
NO
87
what are the parts of the penis?
- root - body - glans of the penis
88
what makes up the urogenital triangle?
ischial tuberositys and the public symphysis

Anatomy Exam #4 (4 decks)

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