Chapter 28 Part 2 Flashcards
List the 3 steps nephrons ( and collecting ducts) perform. Urine is byproduct.
- Filtration from blood plasma into nephron.
- Tubular reabsorption from fluid into blood.
- Tubular secretion from blood into fluid
Name the special cells in glomerular capsule walls that form filtration membrane.
Podocytes
Filtration membrane of glomerular capsules are permeable( allows passage) to what? Not permeable to what?
Permeable to water and solutes, not permeable to most proteins and blood cells.
Blood pressure is needed for filtration, what two types of pressures oppose blood pressure though?
Blood colloid osmotic pressure & glomerular capsule pressure
Diameter of afferent and efferent arterioles change to adjust/maintain what?
Net filtration pressure
Net filtration pressure is about what? ( measured in millimeters of mercury)
10 mmHg
Which hormone increases glomerular filtration rate?
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
What is the typical amount of urine eliminated per day in a normal adult?
1-2 liters
About how much urine in actual water?
95% water
Excessive excretion of urine is termed ? ( could be sign of diabetes)
Polyuria
These transport urine from renal pelvis to the bladder.
Ureters
This hollow muscular organ in the pelvic cavity stored urine.
Urinary bladder
The average capacity of an adult bladder in millimeters is? (Much reduced in pregnant females)
700-800 ml
This small tube leads from the floor of the bladder to the exterior of the body. Urine passes through this to leave the body.
Urethra
An internal urethral sphincter is located at the opening of the urethra at the bladder. An external urethral sphincter is located inferior to its internal counterpart. Which is involuntarily controlled, which is voluntary?
Internal urethra sphincter is involuntary, external urethral sphincter is voluntary
