Chapter 25 Respiratory System

Question 1

The entire process of gas exchange in body is known as?

Answer 1

Respiration

Question 2

This is a specialist in the diagnosis and treatments of lung diseases.

Answer 2

Pulmonologist

Question 3

Branch of medicine that deals with diagnosis and treatment of ears, nose, throat. ( hurts the throat to say, ironically)

Answer 3

Otorhinolaryngology

Question 4

The flow of air into and out of lungs is known as? (Breathing)

Answer 4

Pulmonary ventilation

Question 5

Exchange of gases between air spaces of lungs (alveoli) and the blood in pulmonary capillaries is called? ( blood gains o2, loses co2)

Answer 5

External respiration

Question 6

The exchange of gases between blood in systemic capillaries and tissue cells is? ( blood loses o2, gains co2)

Answer 6

Internal respiration

Question 7

Name the organs/ structures of upper respiratory system.

Answer 7

Nose, pharynx

Question 8

Name the organs/ structure of lower respiratory system.

Answer 8

Larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs

Question 9

The the series interconnecting cavities/tubes ( nose, trachea, bronchioles, etc.) that conduct air into the lungs is known as? (Zone)

Answer 9

Conduction Zone

Question 10

Which zone consist of the tissues within lungs (aveoli) where gas exchange occurs?

Answer 10

Respiratory zone

Question 11

Two openings of the nose are known as? Also known as nostrils

Answer 11

External nares

Question 12

Name the anterior portion of the nasal cavity just inside the nostrils.

Answer 12

Nasal vestibule

Question 13

Name the vertical partition that divides nasal cavity to right and left sides, includes perpendicular plate of ethmoid, vomer, and cartilage.

Answer 13

Nasal septum

Question 14

The internal structures of the nose do what 3 basic functions?

Answer 14

1. Filter, warm incoming air
2. Detect olfactory stimuli
3. Modifies speech sounds

Question 15

After flowing through nasal vestibule, what 3 shelves does air flow over next?

Answer 15

Superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae

Question 16

The 3 groove-like passageways of the nasal cavity are?

Answer 16

Superior, middle, inferior meatuses

Question 17

True or false: there is a high degree of vascularity in the nasal cavity that is deep.

Answer 17

False: there is a high degree of vascularity, but it’s superficial. Why nose bleeds are possible

Question 18

This funnel shaped tube extends partway down the neck, functions as a pathway for both food and air, and is a resonating chamber for speech sounds. Also known as the throat.

Answer 18

Pharynx

Question 19

What do you call a pony with a sore throat?

Answer 19

A little horse

Question 20

The upper part of the throat is known as? Exchanged a small amount of air with auditory tubes to equalize pressure with the middle ear.

Answer 20

Nasopharynx

Question 21

What is the middle portion of the pharynx known as? Opens mouth with nasopharynx

Answer 21

Oropharynx

Question 22

Lower portion of the pharynx is? Connects esophagus with voice box.

Answer 22

Laryngopharynx

Question 23

Of the three portions of the throat , which contains tonsils?

Answer 23

Upper two: nasopharynx and Oropharynx

Question 24

Name this short tube of cartilage that connects the pharynx with trachea. Located anterior to C4-C6 vertebrae, also known as voice box

Answer 24

Larynx

Question 25

What part of the voice box is also known as the “ Adam’s apple”?

Answer 25

Thyroid cartilage

Question 26

This leaf shaped elastic cartilage functions like a trap door that closes when swallowing to keep anything but air out of larynx.

Answer 26

Epiglottis

Question 27

What landmark/ part on the larynx do emergency tracheotomies occur?

Answer 27

Cricoid cartilage

Question 28

Which feature of the larynx do not produce sound but hold breath against thoracic pressure when lifting heavy objects?

Answer 28

False vocal cords

Question 29

Which feature of larynx produce sound while speaking/ singing. Function almost like instrument strings when muscles in area contract to move these against moving air.

Answer 29

True vocal cords

Question 30

Name the long tubular passageway for air that extends from larynx to T5, divides into two bronchi. AKa windpipe, located anterior to esophagus.

Answer 30

Trachea

Question 31

Where do pulmonary blood vessels (also lymphatic vessels) enter and exit lungs?

Answer 31

Two primary bronchi

Question 32

The airways run through lungs resembles an upside-down tree, what then is the arrangement known as?

Answer 32

Bronchial tree

Question 33

List the order of airway branching, starting from trachea and ending with terminal bronchioles.

Answer 33

Trachea, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles

Question 34

What happens when bronchiolar smooth muscle goes into spasm, reducing or even closing off airways? Can be caused by allergen, smoking, stress, pollen. Symptoms include difficulty breathing, coughing, anxiety, can be treated with Epi pen.

Answer 34

Asthma attack

Question 35

These two large/ main con-shaped organs, located in thoracic cavity, are considered “ lightweights” because they “float”.

Answer 35

Lungs

Question 36

Which lung has a cardiac notch? What does this mean for that lung size?

Answer 36

Left lung, it’s 10% smaller than right