Chapter 25 Part 2 Flashcards
Deep fissures (grooves) divide each lung into lobes. How many lobes does each lung have?
Right lung has 3 lobes, left lung has 2 lobes
Small, round sacs where gas exchange occurs?
Alveoli
What two muscles are responsible for (unforced/quiet) inspiration?
Diaphragm and external intercostals
What did the lungs say to the contracting diaphragm?
Your an inspiration
What muscles are involved in (unforced/quiet) expiration?
None, unforced (quiet) expiration is passive due to muscle relaxation
What 5 muscles are involved in forced expiration? (Ex: playing an instrument)
Internal intercostals, external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis, rectus abdominis
The inverse relationship between volume and pressure is known as? (Volume increase=pressure decrease, volume decrease=pressure increase)
Boyle’s law
Wha lit is the atmospheric pressure at sea level? ( measured in kilometers of mercury ) know how it effects air in lungs (page 662).
760 mmHg
Normal range of resting breaths per minute? What’s the average amount of air moving into and out of an adult lungs?
12-120 bpm, 500ml of air
The volume of one breath is known as what? Is it the same amount from one person to another?
Tidal volume, No, varies person to person
What percentage of tidal volume participates in gas exchange? Remainder left in conducting airways ( anatomic dead space)
70%
Apparatus used to measure respiration rate and amount of air inhaled/exhaled is?
Spirometer
Taking a deep breath takes in more air than tidal volume, the additional air is called?
Inspiratory reserve volume
Forced expiration expires additional air our lungs, what is this additional air called?
Expiratory reserve volume
Even after forced expiration, some air will remain in lungs/ airways. What is the air called?
Residual volume
The sum total of tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume is known as?
Inspiratory capacity
Sum of residual volume and expiratory reserve volume is known as?
Functional residual capacity
Sum of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume?
Vital capacity
Total of vital capacity and residual volume (sum total of everything) is?
Total lung capacity
Normal, quiet pattern for breathing is known as?
Eupnea
Shallow breathing done by external intercostals is known as?
Coastal breathing
Deep, abdominal breathing with outward movement of abdomen is?
Diaphramagmic breathing.
Rapid, deep breathing is known as?
Hyperventilation
Where is the respiratory center located?
Medulla oblongata and pons
During quiet, non-forced breathing, about how long is inspiration and low long is expiration?
2 second inspiration, 3 second expiration
What area of upper pons allows for duration of inspirations to shorten?
Pneuotaxic area
What area of lower pons allows for during of inspirations to lengthen for a deep breath?
Apneustic area
True or false: breathing rhythm is entirely involuntary.
False
Absence of breathing is known as?
Apnea
Name this repository disorder characterized by chronic obstruction of airflow. Had two types: emphysema and chronic bronchitis
COPD
Excessive secretion of bronchial mucus, accompanied by a cough, marks this disorder.
Chronic bronchitis
This disorder is a result of destruction of the walls of aveoli, with abnormally large air sacs that stay filled after exhalation. Long term effect is “barrel chest”
Emphysema
This generic life threatening disease is characterized by excessive thickly mucus accumulation in the lungs. Damage occurs to the lungs and digestive system
Cystic fibrosis
By age 70 vital capacity decreases in a a persons lungs by what percentage?
35%
