Chapter 28 - Hypertension Flashcards
1
Q
captopril (Capoten)
A
Class: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI)
- MOA: block the enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II (potent vasoconstrictor)
- Use: HTN, prevents/reverses ventricular remodeling of heart, heart failure, renal protection in diabetics, MI
- AE: cough, angioedema (deep tissue swelling, mostly in face around lips), hypotension when first started
- Use with caution in patients with renal insufficiency; pregnant women should not use
2
Q
losartan (Cozaar)
A
Class: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
- MOA: blocks vasoconstriction and aldosterone secreting effects of angiotensin II (but does not block enzyme bradykinin, so no cough)
- Uses: HTN, renal protection in diabetics
- AE: dizziness, weakness, heartburn, diarrhea, decreased sensitivity to touch, angioedema
- Pregnant women should not use
- Usually used for those who do not tolerate ACEI
3
Q
aliskiren (Tekturna)
A
Class: Direct Renin Inhibitor
- MOA: decreases plasma renin activity and inhibits the conversion of angiotensin to angiotensin I (works higher in RAAS cycle)
- Use: HTN
- AE: angioedema, generalized edema, periorbital edema
- Conta: patients with DM taking ACEI or ARB (increases risk RI, hyperkalemia and hypotension). Pregnant women should not take, especially in second or third trimester
4
Q
prazosin
A
Class: Antiadrenergics
- MOA: dilate blood vessels and decrease peripheral vascular resistance
- AE: first-dose phenomenon –> results in orthostatic hypotension, palpitations, dizziness and some with syncope 1-3 hours after first dose. Take at bedtime to decrease this. Can cause Na and H2O retention
