Chapter 28

Question 1

social gospel

Answer 1

reform movement that used religious doctrines to demand better housing & living conditions for the urban poor. It was closely linked to the settlement house movement, which brought middle class, Anglo-American volunteers into contact with immigrants & working class

Question 2

muckrakers

Answer 2

young reporters who boosted the circulations of their magazines but writing the revealing of the widespread corruption in the American society. Subjects included white slavers, child labor, illegal deeds of trusts, & a business manipulation of the gov’t

Question 3

initiative

Answer 3

reform allowing voters to petition to have a law placed on a ballot, like, referendum & recall bringing democracy to the people, helping to swift towards interest-group politics & away from old political machines

Question 4

Henry Demarest Lloyd

Answer 4

journalist who wrote the book, “Wealth against common wealth” which attacked the Standard Oil Company

Question 5

Thorstein Veblen

Answer 5

famous sociologist/economist, & wrote “The Theory of the Leisure Class”

Question 6

Jacob Riis

Answer 6

muckraker, famous for using photography documenting the poor conditions of many communities that went bankrupt, also wrote “How the other Half Lives”

Question 7

Robert M. La Follette

Answer 7

progressive Republican Leader “Wisconsin Idea”was the model for state progressive gov’t, using the “brain trust” - creating an effective, efficient gov’t. Denied nomination for the Republicans in favor of Roosevelt

Question 8

Hiram Johnson

Answer 8

elected Republican Governor of Cali, helped break the grip of Southern Pacific Railroad on California politic, set up his own political machine

Question 9

Florence Kelley

Answer 9

a former Hull House resident who became Illinois first chief factory inspector, she took control of the National Consumers League, crusader for Women’s & labor rights

Question 10

Frances E. Willard

Answer 10

leader of the women’s Christian Temperance Union, her reform ideas encouraged other women to take a step towards radical causes (women’s suffrage), also allowing conservative women to stay with the temperance work

Question 11

Gifford Pinchot

Answer 11

head of the federal Division of Forestry, wanting to protect & use the natural resources of the nation (forest & river) winning the election of 1922

Question 12

John Muir

Answer 12

naturalist, tried to protect natural “temples”, his writings & philosophy shaped the modern environmental movement

Question 13

referendum

Answer 13

progressive reform procedure allowing voters to place a bill/ballot for a final approval, even after it is passed by the legislature

Question 14

recall

Answer 14

progressive ballot allowing voters to remove elected officials from office

Question 15

Australian ballot

Answer 15

system allowing voters privacy in marketing their choice in ballots, introduced in the US during progressive era

Question 16

Muller vs. Oregon

Answer 16

Supreme court case where Louis D. Brandeis (attorney & future Supreme Court Justice) persuaded the Court to accept the Constitutionality of limiting the women’s working hours, establishing a different standard for male & female workers

Question 17

Lochner vs. New York

Answer 17

Supreme Court decision that nullified a law that established a ten-hour day for bakers, “right to free contract” was implied in the process of the 14th Amendment

Question 18

Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

Answer 18

organization that wished for/advocated for the elimination of the sale of alcohol, making the world more homelike, sending missionaries around the world to spread the gospel of temperance

Question 19

Elkins Act

Answer 19

Congress passed this law, imposing penalties on railroads that offered rebates & customers who accepted them, & this law strengthened the Interstate Commerce Act in 1887

Question 20

Meat Inspection Act

Answer 20

congress passed this law, allowing the shipment of meat over state lines for federal inspection. The book, Jungle talked about consumers in America, & the conditions in the slaughter houses & meatpacking places which mobilized support from gov’t actions

Question 21

Pure Food & Drug Act

Answer 21

Congress passed this law, allowing inspection, regulating the labeling of all foods & pharmaceuticals

Question 22

Hetch Hetchy Valley

Answer 22

federal gov’t allowed San Francisco to build a damn there, the preservationists, wanted to protect the Yosemite National Park were upset by this, because the damn was built there

Question 23

dollar diplomacy

Answer 23

applied to President Taft’s critics to the policy of supporting US investments & political interests, was first applied to the financing of railways. Woodrow Wilson & administration wanted to support US business interests, in Latin America

Question 24

Payne Aldrich Bill

Answer 24

intended to lower tariff rates, it actually retained high rates on most of the imports. President Taft caused the progressive wing party to become angry when he declared it “the best bill that the Republican party ever passed”

Question 25

National Consumers League

Answer 25

organization that worked towards improving women & children’s working conditions