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APUSH > 4.2.2 > Flashcards

4.2.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

change in economy

A

agricultural to manufacturing

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2
Q

population growth

A

it was dramatic, like a natural increase in immigration

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3
Q

expansion was towards?

A

the west

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4
Q

infrastructure

A

buildings, canals, roads, etc

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5
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

transition to new manufacturing processes and from rural societies to industrial/urban societies

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6
Q

Transportation Revolution

A

increase in transportation (canals, roads, railroads) made it possible for more international and especially, domestic long distance trade

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7
Q

Technological Revolution/2nd Industrial Revolution

A

supplied farmers and workers with new technologies in order to produce more product

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8
Q

transportation and technology

A

led America’s economy

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9
Q

Natural Resources & Impacts of Seeking Them: Cotton

A

traded with European countries (mainly Britain & France), it helped shaped the international economy, the internal slave trade and demand for slaves increased, especially after 1808 (international slave trade was outlaid)

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10
Q

Natural Resources & Impacts of Seeking Them: Forced Migration of People

A

slavery continued to expand more west

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11
Q

Indian Removal Act (1830)

A

implemented by Andrew Jackson, where Native American tribes were forced natives off their land

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12
Q

Natural Resources and Impacts of Seeking Them

A

more slaves and land were demanded in response to how fast the economy was growing, population grew as migration of the American people in the U.S was free, also westward expansion became easier due to the infrastructure and transportation

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13
Q

Impacts on People: Woman

A

it was a new look for woman, there were opportunities to work in spinning and home farming (considered separate profit men), stereotype of the “middle class woman”, 14-15 hr work days sometimes, earned less $ than men, suffered abuse by their alcoholic husbands sometimes, working towards their independence

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14
Q

Impacts on People: Men

A

they were considered independent & self-defined, rugged due to labor intense jobs. A new meaning to one’s manhood due to the rejection of traditional customs. Their jobs(14-15 hr days) led to stress and alcoholism, and alcoholism, domestic violence , prostitution and gambling was rising, many drinking themselves to death

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15
Q

Impacts on People: Immigrants

A

rise in Northern & Western Europe, thousands of Germans settled in the Midwest looking for work. About 1/2 were Irish, settling along the east coast. New jobs and opportunities were given to them, formation of gangs as well. “Nativists” impacted social interactions between them & the Americans.

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16
Q

Impacts on People: Slaves

A

punishment & rules for them became extremely strict, also the work & physical labor became extremely demanding (cotton Boom)

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17
Q

Impacts on People: Natives

A

The Indian Removal Act (1830)

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18
Q

Cherokee peoples “Indian Removal Act”

A

Trail of Tears

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19
Q

Impacts on People: Children

A

they started working in more intense environments (mines, factories) rather than apprenticeships, they left school or never even went to school, so they could work

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20
Q

Eli Whitney

A

inventor of the cotton gin, and the interchangeable parts

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21
Q

Robert Fulton (1807)

A

inventor of the steamboat

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22
Q

Cyrus McCormick (1830’s)

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A

inventor of the mechanically powered reaper (farming tool)

23
Q

John Deere (1837)

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A

inventor of the steal plow

24
Q

Samuel F. B. Morse (1844)

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A

inventor of the telegraph

25
Elias Howes (1846)
inventor of the sewing machine
26
Industries
cities/rural areas, people would have to live near their work, they used horse and carriage
27
Growth of Manufacturing
people used to make/grow almost everything for themselves (clothing, food, fabric) & borrowed things from their neighbors for things they couldn't make themselves.
28
Growth of Manufacturing: store bought items
candles, soap, etc. which replaced homemade items
29
Growth of Manufacturing: wider gap between rich & poor
advances in transportation & manufacturing
30
Growth of Manufacturing: cities
they had the most economic inequality
31
Growth of Manufacturing: labor hungry
reason why many immigrants moved to the U.S, and why many farmers & other country people moved to the cities
32
Growth of Manufacturing: textile production
mainly in Northeastern U.S (New England)
33
Growth of Manufacturing: economic ties
increased because each of the regions were specialized, example: textile
34
Labor Unions
an organized association of workers, formed to protect and further the rights of workers, & it became more common & influential after the mid 1800's
35
Commonwealth vs. Hunt case (1842)
the Supreme Court ruled that labor unions weren't legal conspiracies, as long as their intentions were peaceful and honorable. Before, workers attempts to assemble unions were called for prosecution but Chief Justice Lemuel Shaw argued otherwise
36
International trade
prohibited in 1808
37
Expansion of the working class: Woman's jobs
textile (factories) or domestic work (maids, cooks). The factory jobs were thought as a representation of having greater economic independence. Worked up to 12hrs a day, 6 days a week with little pay.
38
Expansion of the working class: Woman
"millgirls", they didn't have much more economic independence, and they are highly supervised in the workplace
39
Expansion of the working class: Drifters
unskilled laborers, men and women, go from town to town, searching for work that didn't require much skill. In many of the industry centers (cities), the workers would account for half of the population.
40
Expansion of working class: Immigrants
they would work longer hours for less pay, most were blue collar workers, willing to work in unsanitary & unsafe conditions. Their demand for a wage increased, housing for them would be provided either free or really cheap. They would work in factories with people who spoke the same language as them
41
Expansion of working class: Children's wages
lower wages than any other working class
42
Expansion of working class: Children (preferred)
easily manageable, cheaper, and less likely to strike
43
Expansion of working class: Children (working environment)
mines, glass factories, textiles, and canneries
44
Expansion of working class: Children (boys)
newspaper boys, messengers, peddlers, and shoe polisher
45
Expansion of working class: Children (laws)
New England unions declared that children couldn't work from morning till night without any school time. In 1836, a law required was that children under 15 had to go to school at least 3 months out of the year. They needed an education to work and support their family
46
Gender & Family Roles: men
known to do labor intensive jobs
47
Gender & Family Roles: woman
spinning, most woman worked inside the homes, and although men & woman were not considered equal, the woman had a larger role than before
48
Cult of Domesticity
a cultural system that believed woman should not leave the house, and they should work inside the home, enhancing traditions of the homemaker
49
Expectation for woman
that once they were married they would leave their job that pays them to take care of the children, and work from home
50
Henry Clay's American System
internal improvements( infrastructure ), tariffs ( protective tariffs ), and the banking of the U.S.
51
Andrew Jackson's Maysville Road Veto (1830)
a bill that would allow a road to be built from Lexington, KY to Maysville, KY. The entire road would have to be in KY, He voted the bill because he believed in was unconstitutional to used federal funding to build infrastructures, getting in the way of paying off national debt
52
Indian Removal Act (1830)
signed by Andrew Jackson, allowed him to grant unsettled lands west of the Miss. River to the natives in exchange for their ancestral homelands, the Cherokee people know this as the Trail of Tears
53
regionalism
regions had began to be more defined as the North and South due to the specialization. North: based on cities & commercial life. South: planters & slaves

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