chapter 28

Question 1

what are the three vegetative organs of a flowering plant

Answer 1

roots, stems & leaves

Question 2

what are the three tissue systems of a plant (three types of permanent tissue)

Answer 2

dermal tissue system, vascular tissue system, & ground tissue system

Question 3

what are the two primary functions of roots

Answer 3

anchorage & absorption

Question 4

what are the three types of root origin

Answer 4

primary–»first root to develop when a seed germinates develops from the radicle of the seed

secondary–»[branch or lateral roots]develop from the primary root

adventitious–»develop from some non-root tissue

Question 5

what are the types of root duration, plant duration, and leaf duration

Answer 5

— root duration—
annual–»live for one growing season–»whole life cycle[vegetative & reproductive] completed in one season

biennial–»live for two growing seasons –»typically the first season is vegetative and second is reproductive
perennial–»live for three or more growing seasons

—leaf duration —
alternate–»one leaf per node
opposite–»two leaves per node
whorled–»three or more leaves per node

Question 6

what are the two primary functions of stems

Answer 6

conduction & support

Question 7

what is the primary function of leaves

Answer 7

photosynthesis

Question 8

what are the differences in monocot and dicot roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and seeds

Answer 8

–root systems—
taproot root system–»has one main root, none of secondary roots are larger than primary [dicots]

fibrous root system–»consists of a cluster of roots, all are about the same size, primary root overgrown by secondary [monocots]

monocot herbaceous stems—
–»epidermis—outermost protective tissue
–»parenchyma—filling tissue that surrounds the vascular bundles
–»vascular bundles—scattered throughout the stem [monocots characteristic] composed of:
Xylem—larger, thick- walled cells
Phloem—smaller, thinner walled cells
Sclerenchyma sheath—supportive layer surrounding the bundle

Dicot herbaceous stems—
–»epidermis—outermost protective tissue
–»cortex—region immediately inside of the epidermis, composed of thin walled parenchyma with a smaller amount of thick-walled collenchyma in patches just inside the epidermis
–»pith—region in the center of the stem, also composed of parenchyma
–»vascular bundles—arranged in a ring [dicots characteristic] composed of:
Xylem—larger, thick-walled cells located inside stem
Phloem—smaller, thinner walled cells, located toward the outside

monocots flowers–»have flower parts in 3s or multiples of 3
dicots flowers–» have flower parts in 4s or 5s or multiples of 4 or 5

monocots seeds–»one cotyledon
dicot seeds–»two cotyledons

Question 9

what are the two types of meristematic tissue and what type of growth does each produce

Answer 9

• *Primary meristem–» It is the meristem that is present right from the embryonic stage and continues to be active throughout the life of a plant. It is responsible for primary growth in the plant body. It gives rise to the primary permanent tissues of the plant body
• –example: Meristem found at the tip of the stem and root.
• *Secondary meristem–» It is the meristem that appears later in the life cycle of a plant. It develops by a process called dedifferentiation in the permanent tissues. It is responsible for secondary growth in the plant body. It gives rise to secondary permanent tissues such as secondary cortex and secondary xylem.
• –example: Cork cambium and vascular cambium.

Question 10

what are the four types of floral organs (flower parts), what is the function of each

Answer 10

sepals–»usually small and green, calyx

petals–»usually larger than sepals and some color other than green; corolla

stamens–»male reproductive structure

carpel–»[pistil] female reproductive structure

Question 11

what are the three parts of a seed

Answer 11

dormant embryo, food storage & seed coat

Question 12

what does an ovule develop into, what does the ovary develop into

Answer 12

• *ovule develops into seed;

* *ovary develops into fruit;