chapter 20 communities Flashcards
what is mutualism, what are some examples
plus//plus an interaction between two species in which both species benefit;
[shrimp shares home with golby for protection]
what is predation, what are some examples
plus//minus an interaction between species in which one species exploits another living species for food [hare and lynx]
what is parasitism, what are some examples
plus//minus an interaction between species in which the parasite benefits at the expense of the host by living either within or on the host;
[fungus & American elm] if too successful, leads to extinction
[rabbits & viruses in Australia] coevolution of both parasite and host
what is competition, what is competitive exclusion – what are some examples
competition–» an interaction between populations living in a common environment and sharing a limited resource minus//minus
competitive exclusion–»two species are in competition for the same limited resource, one species will be more efficient at utilizing that resource and will eventually eliminate the other species in situations where they occur together
[protozoans, duckweed, barnacles]
what is the difference between a fundamental niche and a realized niche
fundamental niche–»the physical limits of tolerance of the organism
realized niche–»that portion of the fundamental niche which is actually utilized, determined by physical factors and competition
what is ecological succession, what are examples of primary succession and secondary succession
ecological succession–» the slow process whereby one community of plants and animals replaces another
primary succession–» establishes new communities in new previously unoccupied surfaces [bare rock, sand, bare soil]
secondary succession–» the recovery of a once-vegetated area as it grows again towards climax [forest fires, volcanic eruptions]
what is a climax community
the terminal stage to which a plant community develops under a stable climate
what is the climax community of west Tennessee
oak, hickory, beech, maple
