chapter 16 Flashcards
what structural adaptations allowed early plants to adjust to a terrestrial environment (10)
**rhizoids, roots–»for obtaining water & minerals
**xylem–» for transporting water within the plant
**phloem–» for transporting food within the plant
**cuticle–» for preventing evaporation from plant surfaces exposed to air
**stomata–»for obtaining carbon dioxide for photosynthesis & oxygen for respiration
**leaves–» for obtaining sunlight for photosynthesis
**xylem–» for supporting the plant body in a medium lacking buoyancy
**hormones–» for coordinating growth and response to the environment
**pollen grains–» for getting gametes together
**airborne spores, Seeds–» for dispersing new individuals to suitable locations
what are the four milestones (or highlights) of plant evolution
origin of land plants
origin of vascular plants
origin of seeds
origin of flowers
what are the events in an alternation of generations life cycle
gametophytes [n] produce gametes that unite [fertilize] to form zygotes, which develop into new sporophytes[2n]. And sporophytes produce through meiosis to spores[n] that give rise to new gametophytes.
- *n-haploid
- *2n-diploid
where does meiosis occur in an alternation of generations life cycle
when sporophytes make spores
which generation is dominant in mosses, in ferns, in seed plants
mosses–> gametophyte – life cycle
ferns–»
seed plants–»gymnosperms–»cone-bearing plants; pine – life cycle
–»angiosperms–»flowering plants – life cycle
what are the two functions of a plant vascular system
conduction & support
–with xylem and phloem tissue
how do we measure biological success
by abundance and distribution
what are some general characteristics of fungi
eukaryotic; multicellular [usually], heterotrophic by absorption: saprophytes & parasites
what is a saprophyte & what is a parasite
saprophyte–»organism that lives on dead organic matter [fungi; bacteria]
parasite–»an organism that grows, feeds, & lives either on or within a different organism
