Chapter 27.3 and 27.4

Question 1

The process by which water enters Earth and becomes groundwater below the surface

Answer 1

Infiltration

Question 2

The upper boundary of the saturated zone is called

Answer 2

Water table

Question 3

A rock unit that can transfer water through its pore space is called

Answer 3

Aquifer

Question 4

The percentage of the material’s total volume that is a pore space

Answer 4

Porosity

Question 5

The process of assigning an exact numerical age to an organism, an object, or an event

Answer 5

Absolute dating

Question 6

The process of placing objects or events in their proper order in time

Answer 6

Relative dating

Question 7

States that the laws nature operate today as they have in the past

Answer 7

Uniformitarianism

Question 8

In an undisturbed sequence of a sedimentary rock layers, the youngest rocks will be at the top and the oldest rocks will be at the bottom

Answer 8

Principle of Superposition

Question 9

Gaps in the rock record was absent

Answer 9

Unconformity

Question 10

The remains or traces of organisms found in the geologic rock record are called

Answer 10

Fossil

Question 11

What % of water on Earth is salt water?

Answer 11

97%

Question 12

What % of water on Earth is freshwater?

Answer 12

3%

Question 13

Where is the majority of freshwater found?

Answer 13

It is mostly found in glaciers

Question 14

Where is the smaller % of freshwater found?

Answer 14

Lakes, rivers, and stored as ground water

Question 15

What is precipitation?

Answer 15

When water vapor in the air cools and condenses

Ex, rain, snow, sleet, and hail

Question 16

What is runoff?

Answer 16

Water running off the land surface

Question 17

What is infiltration?

Answer 17

The process by which water enters Earth and becomes groundwater below the surface

Question 18

What is Transpiration?

Answer 18

When plants release water vapor into the atmosphere through their leaves

Question 19

What is evaporation?

Answer 19

When water enters the atmosphere as water vapor

Question 20

What is condensation?

Answer 20

When water vapor collides with other water molecules to form water droplets

Question 21

What is the water cycle?

Answer 21

Water on the land that enters the atmosphere and then returns back to land

Question 22

What is an unsaturated zone for groundwater storage?

Answer 22

A porous area where water easily passes through

Question 23

What is a saturated zone for groundwater storage?

Answer 23

Beneath the unsaturated zone, where water completely fills the pore space

Question 24

What is a water table?

Answer 24

The upper boundary of the saturated zone

Question 25

What does it mean if sediment is permeable?

Answer 25

That when water is able to easily pass through sediment

Question 26

What is an aquifer?

Answer 26

A rock unit that can transfer water through its pore space

Question 27

What is the name of the great plains Aquifer?

Answer 27

Ogallala Aquifer

Question 28

How many states does the Great Plains Aquifer run through?

Answer 28

8

Question 29

What are the names of the states that the Great Plains Aquifer runs through?

Answer 29

South Dakota, Wyoming, Nebraska, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Texas

Question 30

What is an aquitard?

Answer 30

Keep water confined

Question 31

How are water springs formed?

Answer 31

Where the water table naturally meets Earth’s surface

Question 32

What is an artesian well?

Answer 32

Wells drilled into pressurized aquifers

Question 33

What is a cone of depression?

Answer 33

The direction that the water flows towards the well