Chapter 27.1 and 2 Flashcards
is the process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of minerals on Earth’s surface
Weathering
is a mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air that is capable of supporting plant life
Soil
is the remove of surface minerals through the process of weathering
Erosion
when wreathe rearranges water, ice, wind, and many more
Sediment Transport
when it drops sediment load in the process
deposition
the land area that gatherers water for a major river
drainage basin
the movement of water parallel to the shoreline
longshore current
Do rocks weather at the same rate?
What are the two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather?
What are the two types of weathering?
What type of change happens with mechanical weathering?
What type of change happens with chemical weathering?
What are the 3 specific types of mechanical weathering?
What causes frost wedging?
What is the cycle called during frost wedging?
What causes biological activity?
What causes weathering during collisions?
What is parent materials?
What is soil horizons?
How many soil horizons are there?
True or False. All soils contain every soil horizon.
What are the specific soil horizons?
What does the first soil horizon contain?
What is the second horizon mostly made up of?
Which layer does leaching occur?
Which horizon collects materials form previous horizons?
Which layer is partially weathered bedrock?
Which layer is unweathered bedrock?
Which soil horizons make up the subsoil?
Which soil horizons make up the subsoil?
What is the difference between weathering and erosion
Erosion is the removal of surface material and Weathering is the breakdown of materials
If the slope of a river decreases, will the speed of the river decrease too?
Yes
What are small streams that flow into larger rivers?
tributaries
What is the land area called that gathers water for a major river?
Drainage basin
What is the boundary that separates distinct drainage basins?
drainage divide
As water flows downhill do to gravity, Water erodes earth’s surface creating what?
Channels
Young rivers create what shape due to fast movement?
V-shape
What types of rivers are wide with smooth and gentle slopes?
Mature
When river flood and drop their sediment load, which type of land form is formed?
Flood Plains
What are the fan shape sediment depots that form at the end of the river?
Deltas
What are distributaries?
They are branching channels created by deltas
What forms when a river or stream enters into dry land?
Alluvial Fans
Two types of glaciers?
Valley and Continental
Where do valley glaciers form?
High mountainous region
Where do continental glaciers Form?
Colder climates over large land areas
Where are the two Continental glaciers locate?
Greenland and Antarctica
What are cirque?
bowl shaped basins
How do aretes form?
they form when 2 adjacent valley glaciers meet and erode a long, sharp ridgeline
What is a horn?
A sharpened peaks
What shape of valleys do valley glaciers make?
U-shape valleys
What are tributary glaciers?
small glaciers that feed into the large glaciers
On which side of the dune does erosion?
WIndward Side
on which side of the dune does deposition?
Leeward side
What is deflaton?
The removal of wind which leaves heavier participles behind?
What is it called when all small participles are removed, and a hard surface is left behind
Desert pavement
What is the shape and sizes of the land form do to wind depend on?
wind speed, amount of time the wind blows, sediment supply
What are some land forms created by erosion?
coastal cliffs, sea arches, sea stacks
What are two examples of wave depositions?
Sand bars, sand spits
What is a sand bars?
Land forms that are parallel to the shoreline
What are sand spits?
Sand spits are kinda like sand bars but hook back towards land
What can cause mass wasting?
snow, heavy rain, or human activity
What are some examples of mass waste?
rock slides, mudslides, and landslides
