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Physical Science > Chapter 27.1 and 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 27.1 and 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

is the process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of minerals on Earth’s surface

A

Weathering

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2
Q

is a mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air that is capable of supporting plant life

A

Soil

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3
Q

is the remove of surface minerals through the process of weathering

A

Erosion

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4
Q

when wreathe rearranges water, ice, wind, and many more

A

Sediment Transport

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5
Q

when it drops sediment load in the process

A

deposition

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6
Q

the land area that gatherers water for a major river

A

drainage basin

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7
Q

the movement of water parallel to the shoreline

A

longshore current

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8
Q

Do rocks weather at the same rate?

A
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9
Q

What are the two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather?

A
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10
Q

What are the two types of weathering?

A
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11
Q

What type of change happens with mechanical weathering?

A
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12
Q

What type of change happens with chemical weathering?

A
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13
Q

What are the 3 specific types of mechanical weathering?

A
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14
Q

What causes frost wedging?

A
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15
Q

What is the cycle called during frost wedging?

A
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16
Q

What causes biological activity?

A
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17
Q

What causes weathering during collisions?

A
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18
Q

What is parent materials?

A
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19
Q

What is soil horizons?

A
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20
Q

How many soil horizons are there?

A
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21
Q

True or False. All soils contain every soil horizon.

A
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22
Q

What are the specific soil horizons?

A
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23
Q

What does the first soil horizon contain?

A
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24
Q

What is the second horizon mostly made up of?

A
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25
Q

Which layer does leaching occur?

A
26
Q

Which horizon collects materials form previous horizons?

A
27
Q

Which layer is partially weathered bedrock?

A
28
Q

Which layer is unweathered bedrock?

A
29
Q

Which soil horizons make up the subsoil?

A
30
Q

Which soil horizons make up the subsoil?

A
31
Q

What is the difference between weathering and erosion

A

Erosion is the removal of surface material and Weathering is the breakdown of materials

32
Q

If the slope of a river decreases, will the speed of the river decrease too?

A

Yes

33
Q

What are small streams that flow into larger rivers?

A

tributaries

34
Q

What is the land area called that gathers water for a major river?

A

Drainage basin

35
Q

What is the boundary that separates distinct drainage basins?

A

drainage divide

36
Q

As water flows downhill do to gravity, Water erodes earth’s surface creating what?

A

Channels

37
Q

Young rivers create what shape due to fast movement?

A

V-shape

38
Q

What types of rivers are wide with smooth and gentle slopes?

A

Mature

39
Q

When river flood and drop their sediment load, which type of land form is formed?

A

Flood Plains

40
Q

What are the fan shape sediment depots that form at the end of the river?

A

Deltas

41
Q

What are distributaries?

A

They are branching channels created by deltas

42
Q

What forms when a river or stream enters into dry land?

A

Alluvial Fans

43
Q

Two types of glaciers?

A

Valley and Continental

44
Q

Where do valley glaciers form?

A

High mountainous region

45
Q

Where do continental glaciers Form?

A

Colder climates over large land areas

46
Q

Where are the two Continental glaciers locate?

A

Greenland and Antarctica

47
Q

What are cirque?

A

bowl shaped basins

48
Q

How do aretes form?

A

they form when 2 adjacent valley glaciers meet and erode a long, sharp ridgeline

49
Q

What is a horn?

A

A sharpened peaks

50
Q

What shape of valleys do valley glaciers make?

A

U-shape valleys

51
Q

What are tributary glaciers?

A

small glaciers that feed into the large glaciers

52
Q

On which side of the dune does erosion?

A

WIndward Side

53
Q

on which side of the dune does deposition?

A

Leeward side

54
Q

What is deflaton?

A

The removal of wind which leaves heavier participles behind?

55
Q

What is it called when all small participles are removed, and a hard surface is left behind

A

Desert pavement

56
Q

What is the shape and sizes of the land form do to wind depend on?

A

wind speed, amount of time the wind blows, sediment supply

57
Q

What are some land forms created by erosion?

A

coastal cliffs, sea arches, sea stacks

58
Q

What are two examples of wave depositions?

A

Sand bars, sand spits

59
Q

What is a sand bars?

A

Land forms that are parallel to the shoreline

60
Q

What are sand spits?

A

Sand spits are kinda like sand bars but hook back towards land

61
Q

What can cause mass wasting?

A

snow, heavy rain, or human activity

62
Q

What are some examples of mass waste?

A

rock slides, mudslides, and landslides

Physical Science (10 decks)

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