chapter 27.1 and 27.2 Flashcards
is the process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on earth’s surface
weathering
a mixture of weathered rock organic matter water
soil
is the removal of surface material through the process of weathering
Erosion
As rocks weather erosional agents like water ice wind and gravity move eroded materials from one place to another is called what?
sediment transport
when the erosional agent slow down it drops this sediment load in a process called what?
deposition
the land area that gathers water for a major river is called a river-
drainage basin
the movement of water parallel to the shoreline is called what?
longshore current
What is weathering?
the process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on earth’s surface
Do rocks weather at the same rate?
they do not
what are the two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather?
depends on
rock types
landscape
what are the two types of weathering?
mechanical
chemical
what type of change happens with mechanical weathering?
physical change
what type of change happens with chemical weathering?
chemical change
what are the 3 specific type of mechanical weathering?
frost wedging
biological activity
collision
what cause frost wedging?
occurs when water get collected in cracks of rocks then it freezes
what is the cycle called during frost wedging?
Freeze Thaw cycles
what cause biological activity?
plants and animal
what cause weathering during collision?
when rocks fall from a cliff or tumble through turbulent rivers
what are the 2 types of chemical weathering caused by?
oxygen
water
what is the chemical process called that is caused by oxygen?
oxidation
What is the chemical process called that is caused by water?
hydrolysis
what is soil?
a mixture of weathering rock organic matter water and air thta ia capable of supporting life
what is parent material?
the material from which soil forms are
what are soil horizons?
different layers of soil
how many soil horizons are there?
6
true or false. All soils contain every soil horizon.
false
what are the specific soil horizons?
OAEBCR
what does the first soil horizon contain?
organic material
what is the second horizon mostly made up of ?
mostly minerals
which layer does leaching occur?
E
which horizon collects materials from previous horizons?
B
which layer is partially weathered bedrock?
C
which layer is unweathered bedrock?
R
which soil horizons makes up the topsoil?
O and A
which soil horizons make up the subsoil?
E and B
which soil horizons make up the true soil?
O A E B
what is the difference between weathering and erosion ?
weathering is the breakdown of material
erosion is the removal of surface material
when the slope of a river decrease what happens to the river speed ?
it also decreases
what are small streams called that flow into large rivers?
trinutaries
What is the land area called that gathers water for a major river
drainage basin
what is the boundary that separates drainage basin?
drainage divide
as water flows downhill under the influence of gravity, water erodes earth’s surface creating ______
channels
what shape do young rivers carve out of the surface due to fast movement?
V-shapes
what types of rivers are wide with smooth and gentle slopes
Mature rivers
when river flood and drop their sediment load what is created?
Flood plains
what is a fan-shape deposit that forms on the mouth of a river?
Deltas
what are distributaries ?
branching channels
what is formed where the mouth of a river or stream enters dry land?
Alluvial fans-
what are the two types of glaciers?
valley glaciers
continental glaciers
where do valley glaciers form?
high mountainous regions
where do continental glaciers form?
colder climate and occupy large land areas
where are the two continental glaciers located?
Greenland and Antarctica
what is a cirque?
bowl shaped basins
what is an arete?
form where 2 adjacent valley glaciers meet and erode a long sharp ridgeline
what is a horn in a mountainous region?
sharpened peaks
what shape of valley do valley glaciers form?
u-shaped valleys
what are tributary glaciers?
small glaciers that feed into the large glaciers
what type of valleys do tributary glaciers form?
hanging valleys
on which side of the dune does erosion occur?
windward side
on which side does deposition occur?
leeward side
what is deflation?
The removal of small particles by wind leaving heavier particles behind
when small particles are removed the remaining surface is called?
desert pavement
do to wind what does the shape and sizes depends on what?
wind speed
amount of time the wind blows
sediment supply
what are 3 landforms created by wave erosion
coastal cliffs
sea stacks
sea arches
what are 2 landforms created by wave depositon?
sand bar
sand spits
what are sand bars
landfroms that are parallel to the shoreline
what are sand spits
sandbars that extend into the water
what are some things that can trigger mass wasting
snow
heavy rains
earthquakes
human activity
mass wasting examples
rock slides
mudflows
landslides
