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physical science > chapter 27.1 and 27.2 > Flashcards

chapter 27.1 and 27.2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

is the process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on earth’s surface

A

weathering

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2
Q

a mixture of weathered rock organic matter water

A

soil

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3
Q

is the removal of surface material through the process of weathering

A

Erosion

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4
Q

As rocks weather erosional agents like water ice wind and gravity move eroded materials from one place to another is called what?

A

sediment transport

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5
Q

when the erosional agent slow down it drops this sediment load in a process called what?

A

deposition

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6
Q

the land area that gathers water for a major river is called a river-

A

drainage basin

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7
Q

the movement of water parallel to the shoreline is called what?

A

longshore current

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8
Q

What is weathering?

A

the process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on earth’s surface

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9
Q

Do rocks weather at the same rate?

A

they do not

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10
Q

what are the two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather?

A

depends on
rock types
landscape

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11
Q

what are the two types of weathering?

A

mechanical

chemical

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12
Q

what type of change happens with mechanical weathering?

A

physical change

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13
Q

what type of change happens with chemical weathering?

A

chemical change

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14
Q

what are the 3 specific type of mechanical weathering?

A

frost wedging
biological activity
collision

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15
Q

what cause frost wedging?

A

occurs when water get collected in cracks of rocks then it freezes

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16
Q

what is the cycle called during frost wedging?

A

Freeze Thaw cycles

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17
Q

what cause biological activity?

A

plants and animal

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18
Q

what cause weathering during collision?

A

when rocks fall from a cliff or tumble through turbulent rivers

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19
Q

what are the 2 types of chemical weathering caused by?

A

oxygen

water

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20
Q

what is the chemical process called that is caused by oxygen?

A

oxidation

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21
Q

What is the chemical process called that is caused by water?

A

hydrolysis

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22
Q

what is soil?

A

a mixture of weathering rock organic matter water and air thta ia capable of supporting life

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23
Q

what is parent material?

A

the material from which soil forms are

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24
Q

what are soil horizons?

A

different layers of soil

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25
Q

how many soil horizons are there?

A

6

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26
Q

true or false. All soils contain every soil horizon.

A

false

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27
Q

what are the specific soil horizons?

A

OAEBCR

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28
Q

what does the first soil horizon contain?

A

organic material

29
Q

what is the second horizon mostly made up of ?

A

mostly minerals

30
Q

which layer does leaching occur?

A

E

31
Q

which horizon collects materials from previous horizons?

A

B

32
Q

which layer is partially weathered bedrock?

A

C

33
Q

which layer is unweathered bedrock?

A

R

34
Q

which soil horizons makes up the topsoil?

A

O and A

35
Q

which soil horizons make up the subsoil?

A

E and B

36
Q

which soil horizons make up the true soil?

A

O A E B

37
Q

what is the difference between weathering and erosion ?

A

weathering is the breakdown of material

erosion is the removal of surface material

38
Q

when the slope of a river decrease what happens to the river speed ?

A

it also decreases

39
Q

what are small streams called that flow into large rivers?

A

trinutaries

40
Q

What is the land area called that gathers water for a major river

A

drainage basin

41
Q

what is the boundary that separates drainage basin?

A

drainage divide

42
Q

as water flows downhill under the influence of gravity, water erodes earth’s surface creating ______

A

channels

43
Q

what shape do young rivers carve out of the surface due to fast movement?

A

V-shapes

44
Q

what types of rivers are wide with smooth and gentle slopes

A

Mature rivers

45
Q

when river flood and drop their sediment load what is created?

A

Flood plains

46
Q

what is a fan-shape deposit that forms on the mouth of a river?

A

Deltas

47
Q

what are distributaries ?

A

branching channels

48
Q

what is formed where the mouth of a river or stream enters dry land?

A

Alluvial fans-

49
Q

what are the two types of glaciers?

A

valley glaciers

continental glaciers

50
Q

where do valley glaciers form?

A

high mountainous regions

51
Q

where do continental glaciers form?

A

colder climate and occupy large land areas

52
Q

where are the two continental glaciers located?

A

Greenland and Antarctica

53
Q

what is a cirque?

A

bowl shaped basins

54
Q

what is an arete?

A

form where 2 adjacent valley glaciers meet and erode a long sharp ridgeline

55
Q

what is a horn in a mountainous region?

A

sharpened peaks

56
Q

what shape of valley do valley glaciers form?

A

u-shaped valleys

57
Q

what are tributary glaciers?

A

small glaciers that feed into the large glaciers

58
Q

what type of valleys do tributary glaciers form?

A

hanging valleys

59
Q

on which side of the dune does erosion occur?

A

windward side

60
Q

on which side does deposition occur?

A

leeward side

61
Q

what is deflation?

A

The removal of small particles by wind leaving heavier particles behind

62
Q

when small particles are removed the remaining surface is called?

A

desert pavement

63
Q

do to wind what does the shape and sizes depends on what?

A

wind speed
amount of time the wind blows
sediment supply

64
Q

what are 3 landforms created by wave erosion

A

coastal cliffs
sea stacks
sea arches

65
Q

what are 2 landforms created by wave depositon?

A

sand bar

sand spits

66
Q

what are sand bars

A

landfroms that are parallel to the shoreline

67
Q

what are sand spits

A

sandbars that extend into the water

68
Q

what are some things that can trigger mass wasting

A

snow
heavy rains
earthquakes
human activity

69
Q

mass wasting examples

A

rock slides
mudflows
landslides

physical science (16 decks)

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