Chapter 27.1 Flashcards

1
Q

the process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on Earth’s surface

A

Weathering

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2
Q

a mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air that is capable of supporting plant life

A

Soil

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3
Q

the removal of surface material through the process of weathering

A

Erosion

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4
Q

water, ice, wind, and gravity move eroded materials from one place to another in a process called

A

sediment transport

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5
Q

When the erosional agent slows down or melts it drop this sediment load in a process called

A

deposition

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6
Q

the land area that gathers water for a major river is called a river’s

A

drainage basin

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7
Q

the movement of water parallel to the shoreline is called a

A

longshore current

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8
Q

Do rocks weather at the same rate

A

No

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9
Q

What are the two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather

A

Rock type and the landscape they are located in

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10
Q

What are the two types of weather

A

mechanical and chemical

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11
Q

What type of change happens with mechanical weathering

A

physical changes

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12
Q

What are the 3 specific types of mechanical weathering

A

frost wedging, biological activity, and collisions

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13
Q

What causes frost wedging

A

when water collects in the cracks of a rock and then freezes

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14
Q

What is the cycle called during frost wedging

A

Freeze-Thaw cycles

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15
Q

What causes biological activity

A

plant and animal activity

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16
Q

What causes weathering during collisions

A

rock falling from a cliff or tumble through turbulent rivers

17
Q

What is parent material

A

where soil forms from

18
Q

What are soil horizons

A

different layers of soil

19
Q

How many soil horizons are there

20
Q

True or False: all soils contain every soil horizon

21
Q

What are the specific soil horizons

A

O,A,E,B,C,R

22
Q

What does the first soil horizon contain

A

organic material

23
Q

What is the second horizon mostly made up of

A

mostly minerals

24
Q

Which layer does leaching occur

25
Which horizon collects materials from previous horizons
B
26
Which layer is partially weathered bedrock
C
27
Which layer is unweathered bedrock
R
28
Which soil horizons make up the topsoil
O and A
29
Which soil horizons make up the subsoil
E and B
30
which type of change happens with chemical weathering
chemical changes
31
what are the 2 types of chemical weathering
oxygen and water
32
what are chemical changes due to oxygen
oxidation
33
what are chemical changes due to water
hydrolysis
34
which horizons make up the true soil
O, A, E, B