Chapter 27.1 Flashcards
the process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on Earth’s surface
Weathering
a mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air that is capable of supporting plant life
Soil
the removal of surface material through the process of weathering
Erosion
water, ice, wind, and gravity move eroded materials from one place to another in a process called
sediment transport
When the erosional agent slows down or melts it drop this sediment load in a process called
deposition
the land area that gathers water for a major river is called a river’s
drainage basin
the movement of water parallel to the shoreline is called a
longshore current
Do rocks weather at the same rate
No
What are the two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather
Rock type and the landscape they are located in
What are the two types of weather
mechanical and chemical
What type of change happens with mechanical weathering
physical changes
What are the 3 specific types of mechanical weathering
frost wedging, biological activity, and collisions
What causes frost wedging
when water collects in the cracks of a rock and then freezes
What is the cycle called during frost wedging
Freeze-Thaw cycles
What causes biological activity
plant and animal activity
What causes weathering during collisions
rock falling from a cliff or tumble through turbulent rivers
What is parent material
where soil forms from
What are soil horizons
different layers of soil
How many soil horizons are there
up to 6
True or False: all soils contain every soil horizon
False
What are the specific soil horizons
O,A,E,B,C,R
What does the first soil horizon contain
organic material
What is the second horizon mostly made up of
mostly minerals
Which layer does leaching occur
E
Which horizon collects materials from previous horizons
B
Which layer is partially weathered bedrock
C
Which layer is unweathered bedrock
R
Which soil horizons make up the topsoil
O and A
Which soil horizons make up the subsoil
E and B
which type of change happens with chemical weathering
chemical changes
what are the 2 types of chemical weathering
oxygen and water
what are chemical changes due to oxygen
oxidation
what are chemical changes due to water
hydrolysis
which horizons make up the true soil
O, A, E, B
