Chapter 26 Flashcards
a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form
Mineral
the color of a mineral in powdered form
Streak
when a mineral breaks along prefered planes of weakness creating sets of smooth parallel sides
Cleavage
minerals that break unevenly
Fracture
the physical property that measures a minerals resistance to scratching
Hardness
molten rock material inside Earth
magma
What is a mineral?
A mineral is naturally occuring, crystaline form, inorganic solid
What are the two most adundant elements that make up Earth’s crust?
oxygen and silicon
What does inorganic mean?
materials that are nonliving
What does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral?
the ways the mineral breaks, how hard the mineral is, and type of crystal shape it has
What are all of the ways to identify minerals?
Luster, streak, hardness, crystal shape, atomic arrangement, cleavage, fracture
What are the two types of luster?
nonmetallic and metallic
How does metallic luster reflect light?
reflects very easily like metal
How does nonmetallic luster reflect light?
not easily and is like a waxy
How do you perform a streak test?
rubbing a mineral on a unglazed porcelain tile
What are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals?
cleavage and fracture
What is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral?
Mohs Scale of hardness
What is the number range on Mohs scale of hardness?
1-10
How many different crystal shape systems are there?
6
Mineral grow from what?
Starts from inside and goes outside
What are the 3 ways minerals can form?
water vapor, magma cooling, and evaporation
What are the 2 mineral groups?
Silicates and Nonsilicates
Which mineral group is the most abundant in Earth’s crust?
Silicates
What elements are Silicates made up from?
oxygen and silicon
Nonsilicates do not contain what element?
silicon
what mineral is used to make glass
quartz
