Chapter 27- Fluid, Electrolytes, & Acid-Base Balance Flashcards
% of body that is fluid
55-60%
% of body fluid that is ICF
66%
% of body fluid that is ECF
33%
components and % of ECF
80% interstitial fluid
20% plasma (protein, water, solutes)
daily water loss & components
100 mL GI tract
300 mL lungs
600 mL skins
1500 mL kidneys
2500 mL TOTAL
daily water gain & components
200 mL metabolic water
700 mL ingested foods
1600 mL ingested liquids
2500 mL TOTAL
ADH
anti-diuretic hormone
secreted by pituitary gland
controls amount of fluid excreted by the kidneys to help maintain blood pressure, volume, and tissue water concentration
aldosterone
secreted by adrenal glands
controls balance of water and salts in the kidneys by keeping sodium and releasing potassium
ANP
atrial natriuretic peptide
secreted by right atrium in the heart
controls electrolyte homeostasis and blood pressure by increasing GFR and enhancing salt and water excretion
3 steps in regulating acid-base balance
- buffer systems
- carbon dioxide exhalation
- kidney excretion of H+
respiratory acidosis
inadequate exhalation of carbon dioxide
COPD, pulmonary edema, muscle paralysis
respiratory alkalosis
hyperventilation, anxiety
metabolic acidosis
loss of bicarbonate (HCO3-) from diarrhea, ketosis, failure to excrete H+
metabolic alkalosis
excessive vomitting (loss of stomach acid), gastric suctioning, excessive intake of antacids
electrolyte contributing to osmolarity of body fluid
sodium Na+
electrolytes responsible for resting and action potential
sodium Na+ & potassium K+
electrolyte that is cofactor for enzymes
magnesium Mg2+
electrolytes that maintain acid-base balance
protein anions, monohydrous phosphate, magnesium
electrolyte for clotting factor, neurotransmitter, and muscle contraction
calcium Ca2-
hyponatremia
extremely low sodium levels
electrolytes high in ICF
potassium K+
magnesium Mg2+
monohydrous phosphate HPO42-
protein anions
electrolytes high in ECF
sodium Na+
chloride Cl-
bicarbonate HCO3-
hypertonic
more water inside of the cell, so water moves out causing the cell to shrink (greater than 0.9%)
hypotonic
more water outside of the cell, so water moves in causing the cell to swell (less than 0.9%)
