Chapter 20- Heart Flashcards
pericardium
outermost layer of the heart, surrounds and protects the heart (peri = around)
fibrous pericardium
superficial pericardium layer, tough, inelastic dense irregular CT
serous pericardium
deeper pericardium layer, splits into 2 layers (parietal & visceral layers of the serous pericardium)
parietal layer of serous pericardium
outer layer that lines inside of the fibrous pericardium
visceral layer of serous pericardium
inner layer, also called epicardium
pericardial cavity
cavity of pericardial fluid between parietal & visceral layers of the serous pericardium
pericardial fluid
fluid that sits in pericardial cavity to prevent friction
myocardium
middle cardiac muscle layer
cardiac muscle
striated, intercalated discs
endocardium
innermost layer, endothelium over lying connective tissue
atrioventricular valves
valves located between an atrium & ventricle (bicuspid/tricuspid)
bicuspid valve
left side of heart
tricuspid valve
right side of heart
semilunar valves
half-moon shaped valves (aortic/pulmonary)
1st sound of the heart
closing of atrioventricular (AV) valves
2nd sound of the heart
closing of semilunar valves
sinatrial node (SA node)
pacemaker located in wall of right atrium
factors affecting heart rate
vagus nerve, accelerator nerves, baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, proprioreceptors, hormones, cations
non-modifiable risk factors of heart disease
genetics, age
modifiable risk factors of heart disease
high BP, smoking, obesity, high blood cholesterol, diabetes, inactivity
HDL
(high density) good cholesterol
LDL
(low density) bad cholesterol
atherosclerosis
begins with high LDL/HDL –> plaque formation –> moving clot
systole
closing of atrioventricular valves, increase in blood pressure, heart muscle contracts to push blood out of the heart
