Chapter 20- Heart

Question 1

pericardium

Answer 1

outermost layer of the heart, surrounds and protects the heart (peri = around)

Question 2

fibrous pericardium

Answer 2

superficial pericardium layer, tough, inelastic dense irregular CT

Question 3

serous pericardium

Answer 3

deeper pericardium layer, splits into 2 layers (parietal & visceral layers of the serous pericardium)

Question 4

parietal layer of serous pericardium

Answer 4

outer layer that lines inside of the fibrous pericardium

Question 5

visceral layer of serous pericardium

Answer 5

inner layer, also called epicardium

Question 6

pericardial cavity

Answer 6

cavity of pericardial fluid between parietal & visceral layers of the serous pericardium

Question 7

pericardial fluid

Answer 7

fluid that sits in pericardial cavity to prevent friction

Question 8

myocardium

Answer 8

middle cardiac muscle layer

Question 9

cardiac muscle

Answer 9

striated, intercalated discs

Question 10

endocardium

Answer 10

innermost layer, endothelium over lying connective tissue

Question 11

atrioventricular valves

Answer 11

valves located between an atrium & ventricle (bicuspid/tricuspid)

Question 12

bicuspid valve

Answer 12

left side of heart

Question 13

tricuspid valve

Answer 13

right side of heart

Question 14

semilunar valves

Answer 14

half-moon shaped valves (aortic/pulmonary)

Question 15

1st sound of the heart

Answer 15

closing of atrioventricular (AV) valves

Question 16

2nd sound of the heart

Answer 16

closing of semilunar valves

Question 17

sinatrial node (SA node)

Answer 17

pacemaker located in wall of right atrium

Question 18

factors affecting heart rate

Answer 18

vagus nerve, accelerator nerves, baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, proprioreceptors, hormones, cations

Question 19

non-modifiable risk factors of heart disease

Answer 19

genetics, age

Question 20

modifiable risk factors of heart disease

Answer 20

high BP, smoking, obesity, high blood cholesterol, diabetes, inactivity

Question 21

HDL

Answer 21

(high density) good cholesterol

Question 22

LDL

Answer 22

(low density) bad cholesterol

Question 23

atherosclerosis

Answer 23

begins with high LDL/HDL –> plaque formation –> moving clot

Question 24

systole

Answer 24

closing of atrioventricular valves, increase in blood pressure, heart muscle contracts to push blood out of the heart

Question 25

diastole

Answer 25

closing of semilunar valves, decrease in blood pressure, heart muscle is relaxed allowing chambers of the heart to be filled with blood