Chapter 18- Endocrine System

Question 1

endocrine glands found in brain

Answer 1

pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland

Question 2

endocrine glands found in cervical region

Answer 2

thyroid, parathyroid, thymus

Question 3

endocrine glands found in abdominal region

Answer 3

adrenal gland & pancreas

Question 4

endocrine glands found in pelvic region

Answer 4

ovaries & testes

Question 5

definition of hormone

Answer 5

small amount of regulatory molecules produced by endocrine glands and transported to target organs by blood

Question 6

examples of water-soluble hormones

Answer 6

amino acids, peptides, proteins

Question 7

water-soluble hormone regulatory mechanism

Answer 7

binding to cell membrane receptors –> 2nd messenger cAMP –> activate enzymes for metabolism

Question 8

lipid-soluble hormone regulatory mechanism

Answer 8

enter the cell to bind to receptors in the cytoplasm –> enter nucleus –> activate genes –> new enzymes synthesized

Question 9

examples of lipid soluble hormones

Answer 9

steroids, thyroxine

Question 10

melatonin comes from what gland

Answer 10

pineal

Question 11

simple goiter

Answer 11

lacking iodine

Question 12

hypothyroidism

Answer 12

not enough thyroid hormone

Question 13

hyperthyroidism

Answer 13

too much thyroid hormone

Question 14

calcitonin

Answer 14

stimulates bone formation (Ca2+ decreases)

Question 15

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer 15

stimulates bone resorption (Ca2+ increases)

Question 16

cushing’s syndrome

Answer 16

hypersecretion of cortisol

Question 17

addison’s disease

Answer 17

hyposecretion of corticol & aldosterone

Question 18

beta cells secrete what

Answer 18

insulin, blood glucose decreases

Question 19

alpha cells secrete what

Answer 19

glucagon, blood glucose increases