Chapter 27: Fatty Acid Degradation (Test 2) Flashcards
1
Q
Where are fatty acids stored?
A
- Adipose tissue
2
Q
What are fatty acids stored as?
A
- Triacylglycerols in which fatty acids are linked to glycerol via ester linkages
3
Q
What are the 3 stages that fatty acids are incorporated into triacylglycerols in adipose tissue?
A
- Degradation of TAG to release fatty acids and glycerol into the blood for transport to energy-requiring tissues.
- Activation of the fatty acids and transport into the mitochondria for oxidation.
- Degradation of the fatty acids to acetyl CoA for processing by the citric acid cycle.
4
Q
What does insulin do?
A
- Raise blood sugar
5
Q
What does glucagon do?
A
- Lower blood sugar
6
Q
What happens when TAG is degraded?
A
- Glycerol enters the liver cell to undergo glycolysis to make pyruvate or undergo gluconeogenesis to make glucose
- Fatty acids can enter other tissues to undergo fatty acid oxidation to make Acetyl CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle to make carbon dioxide and water
7
Q
What are the two products made when TAG is degraded?
A
- Glycerol
- Fatty acids
8
Q
How do fatt acids enter the mitochondria?
A
- By being added to Acyl CoA, then added to carnitine to produce acyl carnitine
9
Q
How are Acetyl Coa, NADH, and FADH2 generated?
A
- Fatty acid oxidation
10
Q
What is the purpose of Cis-Δ3-enoyl CoA isomerase?
A
- Allows the β-oxidation of fatty acids with a single double bond to continue.
11
Q
What do odd-chain fatty acid yield?
A
- Propionyl CoA (generated during the last step)
12
Q
What is the metabolic pathway for succinyl CoA?
A
- Propionyl CoA to succinyl CoA
13
Q
How many ketone bodies are there?
A
- Acetoacetate
- 3-hydroxybutyrate
- Acetone
14
Q
What is a precursor to glucose?
A
- Oxaloacetate
15
Q
Can animals convert fatty acids to glucose?
A
- No
16
Q
What is acidosis?
A
- Excess production of ketone bodies (moderately strong acids)
17
Q
What happens when glucose cannot enter the liver?
A
- OAA levels drop
- CAC slows
- Free fatty acids are released
- Ketone bodies form
- Blood pH drops
- Coma and death
