Chapter 10: Carbs (Test 1) Flashcards
1
Q
Isomers
A
- Have the same molecular formula but different structures
2
Q
Constitutional isomers
A
- Differ in the order of atom attachment
3
Q
Stereoisomers
A
- Atoms are connected in the same order but have differ in spatial arrangement
4
Q
Entantiomers
A
- Nonsuperimposable mirror images
5
Q
Diastereoisomers
A
- Isomers that are not mirror images
6
Q
Epimers
A
- Differ at one of the several asymmetric carbons
7
Q
Anomers
A
- Isomers that differ at a new asymmetric carbon on a ring
8
Q
Monosaccharides
A
- Aldehydes or ketones that contain 2 or more alcohols
9
Q
The smallest monosaccharides contain how many carbons?
A
- 3
10
Q
A 6 ring carbon is known as?
A
- A pyranose
11
Q
A 5 carbon ring is known as?
A
- A furanose
12
Q
Pyranose rings can adopt two types of conformations known as?
A
- Boat structure
- Chair structure
13
Q
What is an O-glycosidic bond (glycoside)?
A
- The bond formed between the anomeric carbon and a hydroxyl group
14
Q
Carbs can form what kind of linkages with phosphates?
A
- Ester linkages
15
Q
What are oligosaccharides?
A
- Contain 2 or more monosaccharides linked by O-glycosidic bonds
16
Q
Molecules of glucose are linked by?
A
- α-1,4-glycosidic bonds (suitable for storage) with branches at α-1,6-glycosidic bonds every 10 glucose molecules
17
Q
What are the common disaccharides?
A
- Sucrose (table sugar)
- Lactose (milk sugar)
- Maltose
18
Q
What are common storage forms of glucose?
A
- Glycogen (animals)
- Starch (plants)
19
Q
What is cellulose?
A
- A structural component of plants made of glucose
- Linked by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds (suitable for structure)
20
Q
What are the simplest carbs?
A
- Monosaccharides
21
Q
Carbs can be attached to which residues of proteins?
A
- Asparagine (N-linkage)
- Serine (O-linkage)
- Threonine (O-linkage)
22
Q
What are the 3 main classes of glycoproteins?
A
- Glycoproteins
- Proteoglycans
- Mucins
