Chapter 1: Biochemistry and the Unity of Life (Test 1) Flashcards
1
Q
What are proteins?
A
- Signal molecules
- Receptors for signal molecules and enzymes
- biological catalysts
2
Q
What dictates the 3D structure of a protein?
A
- The amino acid sequence
3
Q
What is a key property of lipids?
A
- They have hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties
4
Q
What are carbs?
A
- Fuel and informational molecules
- Important signal molecules, notable in cell-cell recognition
5
Q
What is a common carb?
A
- Glucose
6
Q
What is a branched polymer of glucose?
A
- Glycogen
7
Q
What is the group of enzymes tat collective replicate DNA?
A
- DNA polymerase
8
Q
What catalyzes transcription?
A
- RNA polymerase
9
Q
Where does translation occur?
A
- The ribosomes
10
Q
What is the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
A
- Eukaryotes have membrane-bound compartments and true nucleus
- Prokaryotes do not have either
11
Q
What organized the cytoplasm?
A
- The cytoskeleton which is a series of structural filaments
12
Q
What are the 3 components of the cytoskeleton?
A
- Actin filaments
- Intermediate filaments
- Microtubules
13
Q
What is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
A
- A series of membranous sacs
14
Q
What is the function of rough ER?
A
- It’s ribosomes play a role in protein processing
15
Q
What is the function of smooth ER?
A
- Plays a variety of biochemical roles
16
Q
What is the Golgi complex?
A
- A series of stacked membranes that play a role in protein sorting
17
Q
What are carbs attached to in the Golgi comple?
A
- Proteins
18
Q
Proteins are shuffled from the ___ to the ___ by ___?
A
- Rough ER; Golgi complex; secretory vesicles
19
Q
What are the three domains of life?
A
- Archea
- Eukarya
- Bacteria
