Chapter 27 Exercise and Activity: Key Terms Flashcards
Abduction
Movement of limb away from the body
Active Range of Motion Exercises
Completion of exercise to the joint by the patient while doing activities or daily living or during joint assessment
Patient does the movement
Activity Tolerance
The type and amount of exercise or work that a person is able to perform without undue exertion or injury
Adduction
Movement of limb toward the body
Body Mechanics
Coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems to maintain proper balance, posture, and body alignment
Center of Gravity
Midpoint or center of weight of a body or object
Crutch Gait
A gait achieved by a person using crutches
Dorsiflexion
Flexion toward the back
Extension
Movement by certain joints that increases the angle between two adjoining bones
Foot Boots
Soft, foot-shaped devices designed to reduce the risk of foot drop by maintaining the foot in dorsiflexion
Foot Drop
An abnormal neuromuscular condition of the lower leg and foot, characterized by the inability to dorsiflex, or evert, the foot
Friction
Effects of rubbing or the resistance which it moves; a force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement
Gait
Manner or style of walking, including rhythm, cadence, and speed
Hand Rolls
Rolls of cloth that keep the thumb slightly adducted and in opposition to the finger
Hand-Wrist Splints
Splints individually molded for the patient to maintain proper alignment of the thumb, slight adduction of the wrist, and slight dorsiflexion
Hyperextension
Position of maximal extension of a joint
Joint
Connection between bones; classified according to structure and degree of mobility
Mechanical Lift
Hoyer lift, used for paralysis or obese patients
Orthostatic Hypotension
Abnormally low blood pressure occurring when a person stands up
Passive Range of Motion Exercises
Range of movement through which a joint is moved with assistance
Patient is unable to move joints by self
Plantar Flexion
Toe-down motion of the foot at the ankle
Posture
Position of the body in relation to the surrounding space
Prone
Position of the patient lying face down
Proprioception
The body’s ability to sense its position and movement in space
Range of Motion ROM
Range of movement of a joint, from maximum extension to maximum flexion, as measured in degrees of a circle
Side Rails
Bars positioned along the sides of the length of the bed or stretcher to reduce the patient’s risk of falling
Supine
Position of the patient in which the patient is resting on his/her back
Trapeze Bar
Metal triangular-shaped bar that can be suspended over a patient’s bed from an overhanging frame; permits patients to move up and down in bed while in traction of some other circumstance
Trochanter Rolls
Rolled towel support placed against the hips and upper leg to prevent external rotation of the legs
