Chapter 27 Book Questions

Question 1

The normal diploid number of human chromosomes is:

Answer 1

46

Question 2

Relative to differences between mitosis and meiosis

Answer 2

(a) tetrads present,
(f) synapsis and crossing over of homologues occur

Question 3

The structures that draw an ovulated oocyte into the female duct system are:

Answer 3

fimbriae

Question 4

The usual site of embryo implantation is:

Answer 4

the uterus

Question 5

Which of the following is correct relative to female anatomy?

Answer 5

The vaginal orifice is the most dorsal of the three openings in the perineum

Question 6

Secondary sex characteristics are:

Answer 6

a result of male or female sex hormones increasing in amount at puberty

Question 7

Which of the following produces the male sex hormones?

Answer 7

interstitial endocrine cells

Question 8

Which will occur as a result of nondescent of the testes?

Answer 8

viable sperm will not be produced

Question 9

Which of the following does not add a secretion that makes a major contribution to semen?

Answer 9

Ductus deferens

Question 10

The corpus luteum is formed at the site of:

Answer 10

ovulation

Question 11

Sperm are to seminiferous tubules as oocytes are to:

Answer 11

ovarian follicles

Question 12

FSH is to estrogens as high levels of estrogens are to:

Answer 12

LH

Question 13

Why is the term urogenital system more applicable to males than to females?

Answer 13

The term is more applicable to males because in males, the urinary and reproductive systems share common structures (e.g., the urethra), whereas in females, the two systems are largely separate.

Question 14

Describe the head of sperm

Answer 14

Contains the nucleus with DNA and is covered by the acrosome, which has enzymes to penetrate the egg.

Question 15

Describe the mid piece of sperm

Answer 15

Contains mitochondria that provide energy for movement.

Question 16

Describe the tail of sperm

Answer 16

Enables mobility to propel the sperm toward the egg.

Question 17

Describe the events and possible consequences of menopause.

Answer 17

Events: Decline in ovarian function leads to decreased estrogen and progesterone production. Menstruation ceases, and ovulation stops.

Consequences: Symptoms may include hot flashes, mood swings, vaginal dryness, and increased risk of osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases due to hormonal changes.

Question 18

Define menarche. What does it indicate?

Answer 18

Definition: Menarche is the first menstrual period in a female’s life.

Indication: It signifies the onset of reproductive capability and the start of ovarian and uterine cycles.

Question 19

Trace the pathway of a sperm from the male testes to the uterine tube of a female.

Answer 19

Pathway: Testes → Epididymis → Vas deferens → Ejaculatory duct → Urethra → Vagina → Cervix → Uterus → Uterine (Fallopian) tube.

Question 20

Explain the hormonal and physical factors responsible for this shedding.

Answer 20

Hormonal Factors: A decline in progesterone and estrogen levels due to the degeneration of the corpus luteum triggers the shedding of the endometrial functional layer.

Physical Factors: Constriction of spiral arteries reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and detachment of the functional layer.

Question 21

Both the epithelium of the vagina and the cervical glands of the uterus help prevent the invasion and spread of vaginal pathogens. Explain how each of these mechanisms works.

Answer 21

Vaginal Epithelium: Produces acidic secretions (low pH) that inhibit the growth of pathogens.
Cervical Glands: Secrete mucus that acts as a barrier to block pathogens from entering the uterus.

Question 22

During spermiogenesis

Answer 22

The acrosome migrates towards the anterior end of the spermatic because its hydrolytic enzymes will be needed for penetration when the sperm contacts the egg during fertilization

Question 23

All but one of the following statements are true regarding the difference between early and late spermatids

Answer 23

Early spermatids have undergone meiosis and still diploid

Question 24

The genetic determinate for late male reproductive development is

Answer 24

The SRY gene

Question 25

The ability of sperm cells to move along the ductus deferens is due to

Answer 25

Peristaltic contractions