Chapter 27 Book Questions Flashcards
The normal diploid number of human chromosomes is:
46
Relative to differences between mitosis and meiosis
(a) tetrads present,
(f) synapsis and crossing over of homologues occur
The structures that draw an ovulated oocyte into the female duct system are:
fimbriae
The usual site of embryo implantation is:
the uterus
Which of the following is correct relative to female anatomy?
The vaginal orifice is the most dorsal of the three openings in the perineum
Secondary sex characteristics are:
a result of male or female sex hormones increasing in amount at puberty
Which of the following produces the male sex hormones?
interstitial endocrine cells
Which will occur as a result of nondescent of the testes?
viable sperm will not be produced
Which of the following does not add a secretion that makes a major contribution to semen?
Ductus deferens
The corpus luteum is formed at the site of:
ovulation
Sperm are to seminiferous tubules as oocytes are to:
ovarian follicles
FSH is to estrogens as high levels of estrogens are to:
LH
Why is the term urogenital system more applicable to males than to females?
The term is more applicable to males because in males, the urinary and reproductive systems share common structures (e.g., the urethra), whereas in females, the two systems are largely separate.
Describe the head of sperm
Contains the nucleus with DNA and is covered by the acrosome, which has enzymes to penetrate the egg.
Describe the mid piece of sperm
Contains mitochondria that provide energy for movement.
Describe the tail of sperm
Enables mobility to propel the sperm toward the egg.
Describe the events and possible consequences of menopause.
Events: Decline in ovarian function leads to decreased estrogen and progesterone production. Menstruation ceases, and ovulation stops.
Consequences: Symptoms may include hot flashes, mood swings, vaginal dryness, and increased risk of osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases due to hormonal changes.
Define menarche. What does it indicate?
Definition: Menarche is the first menstrual period in a female’s life.
Indication: It signifies the onset of reproductive capability and the start of ovarian and uterine cycles.
Trace the pathway of a sperm from the male testes to the uterine tube of a female.
Pathway: Testes → Epididymis → Vas deferens → Ejaculatory duct → Urethra → Vagina → Cervix → Uterus → Uterine (Fallopian) tube.
Explain the hormonal and physical factors responsible for this shedding.
Hormonal Factors: A decline in progesterone and estrogen levels due to the degeneration of the corpus luteum triggers the shedding of the endometrial functional layer.
Physical Factors: Constriction of spiral arteries reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and detachment of the functional layer.
Both the epithelium of the vagina and the cervical glands of the uterus help prevent the invasion and spread of vaginal pathogens. Explain how each of these mechanisms works.
Vaginal Epithelium: Produces acidic secretions (low pH) that inhibit the growth of pathogens.
Cervical Glands: Secrete mucus that acts as a barrier to block pathogens from entering the uterus.
During spermiogenesis
The acrosome migrates towards the anterior end of the spermatic because its hydrolytic enzymes will be needed for penetration when the sperm contacts the egg during fertilization
All but one of the following statements are true regarding the difference between early and late spermatids
Early spermatids have undergone meiosis and still diploid
The genetic determinate for late male reproductive development is
The SRY gene
The ability of sperm cells to move along the ductus deferens is due to
Peristaltic contractions
