Chapter 26 Study Guide

Question 1

Isotonic

Answer 1

Solutions with the same osmolarity as inside the cell; no net movement of water.

Question 2

Hypotonic

Answer 2

Solutions with lower osmolarity than inside the cell, causing water to enter the cell and potentially swell.

Question 3

Hypertonic:

Answer 3

Solutions with higher osmolarity than inside the cell, causing water to exit the cell, leading to cell shrinkage.

Question 4

How Water is Gained

Answer 4

Primarily from beverages (60%), food (30%), and metabolic water (10%).

Question 5

How Water is lost

Answer 5

Primarily through urine (60%), insensible water loss via skin and lungs (28%), sweat (8%), and feces (4%).

Question 6

Carbonic Acid-Bicarbonate Buffer System

Answer 6

The primary ECF buffer. It stabilizes pH by converting strong acids or bases to weak acids or bases.

Question 7

If a strong acid is added:

Answer 7

Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) binds with H⁺ to form carbonic acid (H₂CO₃), which slightly decreases pH.

Question 8

If a strong base is added

Answer 8

Carbonic acid donates H⁺, forming bicarbonate, preventing a significant pH rise.