Chapter 27 - Bacteria and Archaea

Question 1

peptidoglycan

Answer 1

xxx

Question 2

Gram stain

Answer 2

xxx

Question 3

Gram-positive

Answer 3

xxx

Question 4

Gram-negative

Answer 4

xxx

Question 5

capsule

Answer 5

xxx

Question 6

fimbriae

Answer 6

xxx

Question 7

pili

Answer 7

xxx

Question 8

taxis

Answer 8

xxx

Question 9

nucleoid

Answer 9

xxx

Question 10

plasmid

Answer 10

xxx

Question 11

endospore

Answer 11

xxx

Question 12

transformation

Answer 12

(1) The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell. (2) A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell. When the external DNA is from a member of a different species, transformation results in horizontal gene transfer.

Question 13

transduction

Answer 13

(1) A process in which phages (viruses) carry bacterial DNA from one bacterial cell to another. When these two cells are members of different species, transduction results in horizontal gene transfer. (2) In cellular communication, the conversion of a signal from outside the cell to a form that can bring about a specific cellular response; also called <em>signal transduction</em>.

Question 14

conjugation

Answer 14

(1) In prokaryotes, the direct transfer of DNA between two cells that are temporarily joined. When the two cells are members of different species, conjugation results in horizontal gene transfer. (2) In ciliates, a sexual process in which two cells exchange haploid micronuclei but do not reproduce.

Question 15

F factor

Answer 15

In bacteria, the DNA segment that confers the ability to form pili for conjugation and associated functions required for the transfer of DNA from donor to recipient. The F factor may exist as a plasmid or be integrated into the bacterial chromosome.

Question 16

F plasmid

Answer 16

The plasmid form of the F factor.

Question 17

R plasmid

Answer 17

A bacterial plasmid carrying genes that confer resistance to certain antibiotics.