chapter 27

Question 1

is the process that involves physical or chemical breakdown of materials

Answer 1

weathering

Question 2

is a mixture of weathered rock organic matter water and air that is capable of supporting life

Answer 2

soil

Question 3

is the removal of surface material through the process of weathering

Answer 3

erosion

Question 4

erosional agents like water ice wind and gravity move eroded materials from one place to another

Answer 4

sediment transport

Question 5

when the erosion agent slows down

Answer 5

deposition

Question 6

the land area that gathers water for a major river is called a

Answer 6

drainage basin

Question 7

the movement of water parallel to the shoreline is called a long shore current

Answer 7

long shore current

Question 8

do rocks weather at the same time

Answer 8

no they do it at different rates

Question 9

what are the two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather?

Answer 9

rock type and landscape

Question 10

what are the two types of weathering

Answer 10

mechanical and chemical

Question 11

what type of change happens with mechanical weathering

Answer 11

physical type

Question 12

what type of change happens with chemical weathering

Answer 12

chemical changes

Question 13

what are the 3 specific types of mechanical weathering

Answer 13

frost biological and collisions

Question 14

what causes frost wedging

Answer 14

by water seeping into the cracks and freezing

Question 15

what is the cycle called during frost wedging

Answer 15

freeze thaw cycles

Question 16

what causes biological activity

Answer 16

plant and animal

Question 17

what causes weathering during collisions

Answer 17

when rocks fall from a cliff or tumble through rivers

Question 18

what are the 2 types of chemical weathering caused by

Answer 18

oxygen and water

Question 19

what is the chemical process called that us caused by oxygen

Answer 19

oxidation

Question 20

what is the chemical process called that is caused by water

Answer 20

hydrolysis

Question 21

what is parent material

Answer 21

material from which soil forms

Question 22

what are soil horizons

Answer 22

layers of soil

Question 23

how many soil horizons are there

Answer 23

6

Question 24

true or false all soils contain every soil horizon

Answer 24

false

Question 25

what are the specific soil horizons

Answer 25

o,a,e,b,c, and r horizons

Question 26

what does the first soil horizon contain

Answer 26

organic material

Question 27

what is the second horizon mostly mad up of

Answer 27

mostly minerals

Question 28

which layer does leaching occur

Answer 28

finer sediment horizon e

Question 29

which horizon collects materials from previous horizons

Answer 29

horizon b

Question 30

which layer is partially weathered bedrock

Answer 30

horizon c

Question 31

which layer is unweathered bedrock

Answer 31

horizon r

Question 32

which soil horizons make up the topsoil

Answer 32

horizon o and a

Question 33

which soil horizons make up the subsoil

Answer 33

e and b

Question 34

which soil horizons make up the true soil

Answer 34

o a e b horizons