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physical science > chapter 26 > Flashcards

chapter 26 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

a mineral is?

A

naturally occuring, inorganic solid, with a crystalline form

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2
Q

what are the two most abundant elements that make up earths crust?

A

oxyegen and sillicon

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3
Q

what does inorganic mean

A

minerals are materials that are not living

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4
Q

what does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them about a mineral?

A

reflect the way a mineral breaks how hard it is and what types of crystal shape it has

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5
Q

what are all of the ways to identify minerals

A

luster, strerak, atomic arrangment, cleavage, fracture, hardness and crystal shape

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6
Q

what are the two types of luster

A

metallic and nonmetal

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7
Q

how does metallic luster reflect light

A

reflects it in a way that a metal surface might

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8
Q

how does nonmetallic luster reflect light

A

shine like glass can have a earthy or wax

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9
Q

how do you preform a streak test

A

rubbing a mineral on an unglazed white porcelain tile

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10
Q

what are two types of breakage that can happen to minerals

A

cleavage and fracture

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11
Q

what is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral

A

mohs scale of hardness

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12
Q

what is the number range on mohs scale of hardness

A

1-10

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13
Q

how many different crystal shape systems are there

A

6

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14
Q

minerals grow from?

A

from the inside out

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15
Q

what are 3 ways minerals can form

A

hot water,molten rock and evaporation

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16
Q

what are the two mineral groups

A

silicates and nonsilicates

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17
Q

which mineral group is the most abundant in earths crust

A

silicates

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18
Q

what elements are sicillates made up of

A

silicon and oxygen

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19
Q

nonsilicates do not contain what element?

A

silicon

20
Q

what mineral is used to make glass?

A

quartz

21
Q

mineral

A

naturally occuring inorganic solid with a crystalline form

22
Q

streak

A

the color of a mineral in powdered form

23
Q

cleavage

A

when a mineral breaks along preferred planes of weakness creating sets of smooth parallel sides

24
Q

fracture

A

minerals that break with irregular surfaces exhibit

25
Q

hardness

A

measures a minerals resistance to scratching is called

26
Q

magma

A

molten rock material inside earth is called

27
Q

define rock

A

naturally formed mixture containing minerals, rock fragments, and
volcanic glass.

28
Q

how are rocks identified?

A

identified by their composition and texture.

29
Q

what does the texture of a rock describe about a rock?

A

describes the size, shape, and arrangement of the rock’s components

30
Q

where do intrusive igneous rocks form?

A

form from molten rock material that cools and crystallizes either underground or on Earth’s surface

31
Q

what type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rocks form from?

A

form within Earth’s crust are called intrusive igneous rocks

32
Q

what is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals

A

magma

32
Q

what is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals

A

magma

33
Q

what are the 3 types of magma

A

basaltic,andestic,rhyolitic

34
Q

which magma type has a low silica content

A

potassium, feldspar, and quartz

35
Q

which magma type has a high silica

A

olivine, pyroxene, and plagioclase feldspar

35
Q

which magma type has a high silica

A

olivine, pyroxene, and plagioclase feldspar

36
Q

which type of crust has an abundunt amount of quartz

A

oceanic

37
Q

which type of crust has little to no quartz

A

continental

38
Q

which type of igneous rock has a coarse grained texture

A

intrusive

39
Q

which type of rock has a fine grained texture?

A

extrusive

40
Q

do fined grained rocks cool slowly or quickly

A

quickly

41
Q

what are two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rocks?

A

vesicular texture and porphyritic

42
Q

which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling

A

vesicular

43
Q

which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates

A

porphyritic

44
Q

what type of rock has a vesicular holey texture?

A

extrusive igneous rock pumice

physical science (12 decks)

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