27.3 vocab

Question 1

process by which water enters earth

Answer 1

infiltration

Question 2

the upper boundary of the saturated zone

Answer 2

water table

Question 3

rock unit that can transfer water through its pore space

Answer 3

aquifer

Question 4

percentage of the materials total volume

Answer 4

porosity

Question 5

process of assigning an exact numerical age

Answer 5

absolute dating

Question 6

process of placing objects or events in their proper order

Answer 6

relative dating

Question 7

states that the laws of nature operate today

Answer 7

uniformitarianism

Question 8

states that an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rock layers the youngest rock will be at the top

Answer 8

principle of superposition

Question 9

are gaps in the rock recorded during which either erosion occured

Answer 9

unconformity

Question 10

remains or traces of organisms found in the geological rock recorded

Answer 10

fossil

Question 11

what percentage of water on earth is salt water

Answer 11

97%

Question 12

what percentage of water on earth is freshwater

Answer 12

2%

Question 13

where is the majority of freshwater found

Answer 13

glaciers

Question 14

where is the smaller percentage of freshwater found

Answer 14

1%

Question 15

what is precipitation

Answer 15

water vapor cools and condenses

Question 16

what is runoff

Answer 16

water runs off land surface

Question 17

what is infiltration

Answer 17

process by which water enters earth and becomes ground water

Question 18

what is transpiration

Answer 18

when plants release water vapor into the atmosphere from their leaves

Question 19

what is evaporation

Answer 19

when water is turned into vapor and released into the atmosphere

Question 20

what is condensation

Answer 20

water vapor collides with other molecules to form water droplets

Question 21

what is the water cycle

Answer 21

water on land that evaporates and returns back to the land

Question 22

what is an unsaturated zone for groundwater storage

Answer 22

a porous area where water easily passes through

Question 23

what is a saturated zone for groundwater storage

Answer 23

beneath the unsaturated zone where water completely fills the pore space

Question 24

what is a water table

Answer 24

the upper boundary of the saturated zone the more permeable the material is the easier water can infiltrate through the ground

Question 25

what does it mean if sediment is permable

Answer 25

the more it is the more water can pass through easy

Question 26

what is an aquifer

Answer 26

rock unit that can transfer water through its pore space

Question 27

what is the name of the great plains aquifer

Answer 27

ogallala aquifer

Question 28

how many states does the great plains aquifer run through

Answer 28

8 states

Question 29

what are the names of the states that the great plains aquifer runs through

Answer 29

south dakota, wyoming, nebraska, colorado, kansas, oklahoma, new mexico and texas

Question 30

what is an aquitard

Answer 30

keep water confined

Question 31

how are water springs formed

Answer 31

form where the water table naturally meets earths surface

Question 32

what is an artesian well

Answer 32

drilled into pressurized aquifer

Question 33

what is a cone of depression

Answer 33

water pumped out of the ground water direction toward the well