Chapter 27

Question 1

The process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of material on Earth’s surface

Answer 1

Weathering

Question 2

A mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air that is capable of supporting plant life.

Answer 2

Soil

Question 3

The removal of surface material through the process of weathering.

Answer 3

Erosion

Question 4

As rocks weather, erosional agents like water, ice, wind, and gravity move eroded materials from one place to another.

Answer 4

Sediment Transport

Question 5

When the erosional agent slows down (in the case of water, wind, or gravity) or melts (in the case of glaciers), it drops this sediment load.

Answer 5

Deposition

Question 6

The land area that gathers water for a major river

Answer 6

Drainage Basin

Question 7

The movement of water parallel to the shore line

Answer 7

Long-shore Current

Question 8

What is weathering

Answer 8

The process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on earth’s surface

Question 9

Do rocks weather at the same rate

Answer 9

No Cause they weather at different rates

Question 10

what are the two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather

Answer 10

Rock Type

Landscape

Question 11

What are the two types of weathering

Answer 11

Mechanical

Chemical

Question 12

what type of change happens with Mechanical weathering

Answer 12

Physical changes

Question 13

what type of change happens with chemical weathering

Answer 13

Chemical Changes

Question 14

what are the 3 specific types of mechanical weathering

Answer 14

Frost wedging
Biological activity
Collisions

Question 15

what causes frost wedging

Answer 15

When water collects in the cracks of a rock and freezes

Question 16

what is the cycle called during frost wedging

Answer 16

Freeze-Thaw Cycles

Question 17

what causes biological activity

Answer 17

Plants and Animals

Question 18

what causes weathering during collisions

Answer 18

When rocks fall from a cliff or tumble through turbulent rivers

Question 19

what is soil

Answer 19

A mixture of weathered rock, organic mater, water, and air that is capable of supporting life

Question 20

what is parent material

Answer 20

The material from which soil forms

Question 21

what are soil horizons

Answer 21

Different layers of soil

Question 22

how many soil horizons are there

Answer 22

6

Question 23

True or False. All soils contain every soil horizon

Answer 23

False

Question 24

what are the specific soil horizons

Answer 24

O,A,E,B,C,R

Question 25

what does the first soil horizon contain

Answer 25

Organic material

Question 26

what is the second horizon mostly made up of

Answer 26

Mostly minerals

Question 27

which layer does leaching occur

Answer 27

E

Question 28

which horizon collects materials from previous horizons

Answer 28

B

Question 29

which layer is partially weathered bedrock

Answer 29

C

Question 30

which layer is unweathered bedrock

Answer 30

R

Question 31

which soil horizons make up the topsoil

Answer 31

O,A

Question 32

which horizons make up the subsoil

Answer 32

E,B

Question 33

what are the 2 types of chemical weathering caused by

Answer 33

Oxygen | Water

Question 34

what is the chemical process called that is caused by oxygen

Answer 34

Oxidation

Question 35

what is the chemical process called that is caused by water

Answer 35

Hydrolysis

Question 36

which soil horizons make up the true soil

Answer 36

O,A,E,B

Question 37

What percentage of water on earth is salt water

Answer 37

97%

Question 38

What percentage of water on Earth is fresh water

Answer 38

3%

Question 39

Where is the majority of fresh water found

Answer 39

2% found in glaciers

Question 40

Where is the smaller percentage of fresh water found

Answer 40

1% of fresh water is found in lakes and rivers and even ground water

Question 41

What is precipitation

Answer 41

Rain Snow Sleet Hail

Question 42

what is runoff

Answer 42

Water runs of the land surface

Question 43

what is infiltration

Answer 43

The process by which water enters Earth and becomes groundwater below the surface

Question 44

what is transportation

Answer 44

When plants release water vapor into atmosphere through their leaves

Question 45

what is evaporation

Answer 45

When water enters the atmosphere as water vapor

Question 46

what is condensation

Answer 46

Water vapor molecules collide with other ones they eventually get heavy and fall as precipitation

Question 47

what is the water cycle

Answer 47

Where water on land enters the atmosphere and eventually returns back to land

Question 48

What is an unsaturated zone for groundwater storage

Answer 48

a porous area where water easily passes though

Question 49

What is a saturated zone for ground water storage

Answer 49

Beneath the unsaturated zone where water completely fills the pore space

Question 50

what is a water table

Answer 50

The upper boundary of the saturated zone

Question 51

what does it mean if sediment is permeable

Answer 51

The more permeable the material the easier water can infiltrate through the ground

Question 52

What is an aquifer

Answer 52

A rock unit that can transfer water through its pore space

Question 53

What is the name of the great plains aquifer

Answer 53

Ogallala Aquifer

Question 54

how many states does the great plains aquifer run through

Answer 54

8 states

Question 55

what are the names of the states that the great plains aquifer run through

Answer 55

``` South Dakota Wyoming Nebraska Colorado Kansas Oklahoma New Mexico Texas ```

Question 56

what is an aquitard

Answer 56

lay of sediment that doesn't let water come through

Question 57

How are water springs formed

Answer 57

Where water tables naturally meets Earth's surface

Question 58

What is an artesian well

Answer 58

wells drilled into pressured aquifers and the pressure would cause the well to over flow

Question 59

what is a cone of depression

Answer 59

Where the direction of the water flows down to enter the well