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physical science > CH 26 earth materials > Flashcards

CH 26 earth materials Flashcards

1
Q

A naturally occurring inorganic solid with s crystalline from

A

Mineral

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2
Q

The color of a mineral in powdered form

A

Streak

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3
Q

When a mineral breaks along preferred planes of weakness creating sets of smooth parallel sides

A

cleavage

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4
Q

Minerals that break with irregular surfaces

A

fracture

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5
Q

The physical property that measures a mineral’s resistance to scratching

A

hardness

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6
Q

Molten rock material that is inside of earth

A

magma

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7
Q

A mineral is

A

a natural occurring, inorganic sold, with a crystalline form

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8
Q

What are the two most abundant elements that make up Earth’s crust

A

oxygen and silicon

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9
Q

What does inorganic mean

A

materials that are not living

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10
Q

what does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral

A

how it breaks, its hardness, and its crystal shape

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11
Q

what are all of the ways to identify minerals

A 
hardness, 
luster, 
streak
atomic arrangement 
crystal shape 
fracture 
cleavage
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12
Q

what are two types of luster

A

metallic and non metallic

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13
Q

how does metallic luster reflect light

A

In a way that a metal surface might

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14
Q

how does non metallic luster reflect light

A

glass like shine or earthy or waxy

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15
Q

how do you perform a streak test

A

by rubbing a mineral on an unglazed white porcelain tile

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16
Q

what are two types of breakage that can happen to minerals

A

fracture

cleavage

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17
Q

what is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral

A

Mohs scale

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18
Q

what is the number range on mohs scale of hardness

A

1-10

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19
Q

how many different crystal shape systems are there

A

6 shapes

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20
Q

minerals grow from the

A

inside out

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21
Q

what are the 3 ways minerals can form

A

Molten rock
evaporation
hot water

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22
Q

what are the two mineral groups

A

silicate minerals and non silicate minerals

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23
Q

which mineral group is the most abundant in earth’s crust

A

Silicates

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24
Q

what elements are silicates made up of

A

silicon and oxygen atoms

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25
non silicates do not contain what element
silicon-oxygen units
26
what mineral is used to make glass
quartz
27
Define rock
A natural formed mixture containing minerals, rock fragments, volcanic glass
28
How are rocks identified
By their composition and texture
29
What does the texture of a rock describe about a rock
The size, shape, and arrangement of the rock components
30
Where do intrusive igneous rocks form
within the earths crust
31
what type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rocks form from
magma
32
what is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals
Bowen's reaction series
33
What are the 3 types of magma
Mafic Intermediate Felsic
34
which magma has a low silica content
Mafic
35
which magma has a high silica content
Felsic
36
which type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz {oceanic or continental}
Continental Crust
37
which type of crust has little to no quartz {oceanic or continental}
Oceanic Crust and deep continental crust
38
Which type of igneous rock has a coarse grained texture
intrusive
39
Which type of igneous rock has a fine grained texture
extrusive
40
do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly
quickly
41
what are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock
Vesicular texture | Porphyritic texture
42
which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling
extrusive texture type
43
which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates
intrusive texture type
44
what type of rock has a vesicular (holey) texture
pumice
45
Define Clasts
Small rock and mineral fragments
46
What types of erosion are rocks on Earth's surface exposed to
water wind other forces
47
What does it mean if clasts are being transported
Being moved from point a to point b
48
what does it mean if clasts are being deposited
being drop off
49
define pore space
The empty space between clasts
50
define compaction
Clasts stick together due to the weight of overlying material
51
define cementation
mineral precipitate slowly out of a water solution and crystallize in the spaces between clasts
52
How are sedimentary rocks formed
Clasts will be present they will get compacted water flows through the pore spaces causing cementation
53
what is another name for clasts
Detritus
54
what are sedimentary rocks called that are mostly made up of clasts
Detrital sedimentary rock
55
what is the decreasing size of clasts
Gravel, sand, silt, or clay/mud
56
which clast size would be deposited first
gravel because of being heavy
57
what are 4 common detrital sedimentary rocks
conglomerate sandstone siltstone shale
58
how are chemical sedimentary rocks formed
Form from whater that contains dissolved solids, mineral crystals precipitate out of a solution through evaporation
59
if sedimentary rocks contain remains of living organisms what are they called
Biochemical sedimentary rocks
60
what are 2 common biochemical sedimentary rocks
limestone | Coal
61
what are 3 types of sedimentary rock
Biochemical Chemical Detritrial
62
Metamorphic rock is changed by a combination of which 3 things
Heat Pressure Chemical Reactions
63
Which types of rocks can be changed by metamorphism
Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic
64
What is it called when metamorphic occur in rocks occur over large area's
Regional Metamorphism
65
What is it called when metamorphic occur in rocks over small areas
Contact Metamorphism
66
when shale is compressed, which type of metamorphic rock is created
Slate
67
what are two types of metamorphic rock textures
Foliated | Non-Foliated
68
define non-Foliated texture
Random orientations
69
metamorphic rocks are mainly classified based on which two things
Texture | Composition
70
define rock cycle
Continual change of rocks from one type to another
71
which types of rocks are part of the rock cycle
Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic
72
what are 3 types of rocks
Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic
73
which type of rocks form from molten rock
igneous
74
which types of rocks are formed from clasts, precipitation, or compressed once living matter
Sedimentary
75
which types of rocks are formed from heat pressure and chemical reactions
Metamorphic
76
what can form from hot water, evaporation, or molten rock
Minerals
77
Define Foliated texture
have crystals that are arranged in layers and bands

physical science (5 decks)

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