Chapter 26.1 Flashcards
Mineral
is a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form.
Streak
The color of a mineral in a powered form
Cleavage
When a mineral breaks along preferred planes of weakness creating sets of smooth parallel sides
Fracture
Minerals that break with irregular surfaces
Hardness
The physical property that measures a mineral’s resistance to scratching
Magma
Molten rock material inside Earth
A mineral is. . .
Naturally Occurring, Inorganic Solid, with a Crystalline Form
What are the two most abundant elements that make up Earth’s crust?
Oxygen and Silicon
What does inorganic mean?
Materials that are not living
What does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral?
Mineral breaks, how hard it is, and what types of crystal shape it has
What are all of the ways to identify minerals?
Luster, Streak, Atomic arrangement, Cleavage, Fracture, Hardness, Crystal shape
What are the two types of luster?
metallic and nonmetallic
How does metallic luster reflect light?
reflects light in a way that a metal surface might
How does Nonmetallic luster reflect light?
shines like glass or appears earthy or waxy
How do you preform a streak test?
by rubbing a mineral on a unglazed, white porcelain tile
What are two types of breakage that can happen to minerals?
Cleavage and Fracture
What is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral?
Mohs Scale of Hardness
What is the number range on Mohs Scale of Hardness?
1-10
How many different crystal shape systems are there?
6
Minerals grow from the. . .
What are the 3 ways minerals can form?
Hot Water, Evaporation, Molten Rock
What are two mineral groups?
Silicates and Nonsilicates
Which mineral group is most abundant in Earth’s crust?
Silicates
What elements are Silicates made up of?
Oxygen and silicon
