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Physical Science > Chapter 25 > Flashcards

Chapter 25 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A system of mountain ranges on the seafloor separated by valleys

A

mid-ocean ridge

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2
Q

How do divergent plate boundaries move?

A

They divide

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3
Q

What are specific example of a plate divergent?

A
  1. Mid Ocean Ridge(both are oceanic crusts)

2. East African Rift(both continental)

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4
Q

How do transform plate boundaries move?

A

They slide past each other

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5
Q

What is a specific example of a transform plate boundary.

A

San Andreas Fault(continental crust)

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6
Q

What is a convection current?

A
  1. Magma heats up, becomes less dense, and rises.

2. Magma cools, becomes more dense, and sinks.

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7
Q

What are other forces to help plate motion?

A

Slab Pull, Ridge Push, and Friction

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8
Q

Which type of plate boundaries have shallow earthquakes?

A

Divergent and Transform

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9
Q

Which plate boundary has deep earthquakes?

A

Convergent

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10
Q

What are the types of stress that can cause rocks to move?

A
  1. Compression Stress
  2. Tension Stress
  3. Shear Stress
  4. Torsion Stress
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11
Q

What are the types of deformation that can be caused due to stress?

A
  1. Elastic Deformation

2. Plastic Deformation

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12
Q

What happens during Elastic Deformation?

A

It deforms and returns to it’s original shape

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13
Q

What happens during Plastic Deformation?

A

It deforms and remains in the new shape

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14
Q

How many types of seismic waves are there

A

Primary waves
Secondary Waves
Surface Waves

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15
Q

Which wave moves at the fastest speed?

A

P-waves

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16
Q

What types of wave is a P-wave?

A

A compression wave

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17
Q

What type of material can P-waves travel through?

A

They can travel through solids and liquids

18
Q

What type of wave are secondary waves?

A

Transverse wave

19
Q

What type of material can S-waves travel through?

A

They can travel ONLY through solids

20
Q

What wave cause the most damage?

A

Surface waves

21
Q

What are the names of the two scales that help us measure earthquakes?

A
  1. Richter scale

2. Mercalli scale

22
Q

What does the Mercalli scale tell us about an earthquake?

A

The amount of damage caused

23
Q

What does the Richter scale measure about an earthquake?

A

The energy released

24
Q

A long, narrow depression forms between peaks along the mid ocean ridge

A

rift valley

25
Q

The boundary where two plates collide

A

Convergent plate Boundary

26
Q

When a thick continental plate meets a thin oceanic plate, the denser plate dives beneath the continent in this process

A

Subduction

27
Q

The boundary between two plates that are moving apart

A

Divergent plate boundary

28
Q

The type of boundary where plates slide horizontally past each other in opposite directions

A

transform plate boundary

29
Q

The sudden movement or vibration of the ground that occurs when rocks slip and slide along enormous cracks in the Earth’s crust called faults

A

Earthquake

30
Q

A crack in the Earth’s crust along which rock has moved

A

fault

31
Q

Sudden release of strain energy and moves along a fault

A

Elastic bound

32
Q

The point of origin for an Earthquake

A

Focus

33
Q

The point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus

A

epicenter

34
Q

who came up with the continental hypothesis?

A

Alfred Wegener

35
Q

What were some pieces of evidence that supported his hypothesis

A
  1. the coast lines matched up like puzzle pieces
  2. He looked at large animal fossils
  3. Mountain ranges matched up and they had similar rock size and age
36
Q

What was the name of the super continent?

A

Pangaea

37
Q

Who came up with the seafloor spreading hypothesis?

A

Harry Hess

38
Q

How did he come up with the seafloor spreading hypothesis?

A

He used sonar

39
Q

Who discovered the mid ocean ridge?

A

Harry Hess

40
Q

Where will younger rock be creates on the seafloor?

A

closer to the MOR

41
Q

What are 3 types of plate boundaries?

A

Divergent boundary
Convergent Boundary
Transform Boundary

42
Q

What are two types of crust that will be used in any type of plate boundary?

A

Oceanic crust

Continental Crust

Physical Science (17 decks)

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