Ch 27.3 Notes

Question 1

1. What percentage of water on Earth is salt water?

Answer 1

97%

Question 2

2. What percentage of water on Earth is freshwater?

Answer 2

3%

Question 3

3. Where is the majority of freshwater found?

Answer 3

(2%)It is found in glaciers

Question 4

4. Where is the smaller percentage of freshwater found?

Answer 4

(1%)It is found in lakes, rivers, and stored as ground water

Question 5

1. What is precipitation?

Answer 5

When water vapor in the air cools and condenses to form liquid water or ice crystals. Forms of precipitation are rain, snow, sleet, and hail.

Question 6

2. What is Runoff?

Answer 6

Water running off the land surface.

Question 7

3. What is infiltration?

Answer 7

The process by which water enters Earth and becomes groundwater below the surface.

Question 8

4. What is transpirtation?

Answer 8

When plants release water vapor into the atmosphere through their leaves.

Question 9

5. What is evaporation?

Answer 9

When water enters the atmosphere as water vapor.

Question 10

6. What is condensation?

Answer 10

Where water vapor molecules collide with other water molecules to form droplets.

Question 11

7. What is the water cycle?

Answer 11

The water cycle is where water from the land enters the atmosphere and then eventually returns back to the land.

Question 12

1. What is an unsaturated zone for groundwater storage?

Answer 12

A porous area where water easily passes through

Question 13

2. What is a saturated zone for groundwater storage?

Answer 13

beneath the unsaturated zone, where water completely fills the pore space

Question 14

3. What is a water table?

Answer 14

The upper boundary of the saturated zone

Question 15

4. What does it mean if sediment is permeable?

Answer 15

It means that water is able to infiltrate the ground easier.

Question 16

1. What is an aquifer?

Answer 16

a rock unite that can transfer water through its pore space

Question 17

2. What is the name of the Great Plains Aquifer?

Answer 17

Ogallala Aquifer

Question 18

3. How many states does the Great Plains Aquifer run through?

Answer 18

8 states

Question 19

4. What are the names of the states that the Great Plains Aquifer runs through?

Answer 19

South Dakota, Wyoming, Nebraska, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Texas.

Question 20

5. What is an aquitard?

Answer 20

Is a layer of sediment that doesn’t allow water to pass through it.

Question 21

1. How are water springs formed?

Answer 21

Springs form where the water table naturally meets Earth’s surface

Question 22

2. What is an artesian well?

Answer 22

Wells drilled into pressurized aquifers, forms when an aquifer is sandwiched between aquitards, pressure causes water to flow up into the well

Question 23

3. What is a cone of depression?

Answer 23

Where the direction flows towards the well