Chapter 26- EXAM 4

Question 1

what is the fx of the kid.

Answer 1

• Body fluid regulation
• Excretion of metabolic waste products urea, creatinine, bilirubin, hydrogen
• Excretion of exogenous chemicals: drugs, toxins, pesticides, food additives
• Secretion, metabolism, and excretion of hormones
• Regulation of acid-base balance
• Gluconeogenesis:
• Control of arterial pressure
• Regulation of water & electrolyte excretion

Question 2

what does the regulation of acid base do

Answer 2

•Excrete acids (kidneys are the only means
of excreting non-volatile acids)
• Regulate body fluid buffers
(e.g. Bicarbonate)

Question 3

what does the regulation fo arterila pressure

Answer 3

=Endocrine Organ
      •	renin-angiotensin system
     •	prostaglandins
    •	kallikrein-kinin system
=Control of Extracellular Fluid Volume

Question 4

what does the regulation of water and electrolytes balance

Answer 4

• Sodium and Water
• Potassium
• Hydrogen Ions
• Calcium, Phosphate, Magnesium

Question 5

what does and increase in sodium have on the body

Answer 5

• For maintenance of homeostasis, excretion of water and electrolytes must precisely match intake
• If intake > excretion, the amount of that substance in the body will 
• If intake is < excretion, the amount of that substance in the body will 

Question 6

where can the kidneys be found

Answer 6

Kidneys lie on posterior wall of the abdomen, outside the peritoneal cavity

Retroperitoneal

Question 7

what can be found on the medial side of the kidney

Answer 7

On medial side of each kidney is an indented region called the hilum

Question 8

what goes through the hilum

Answer 8

Through which pass the renal artery and vein, lymphatics, nerve supply, and ureter

Question 9

what is the kidney surrounded by

Answer 9

The kidney is surrounded by a tough, fibrous capsule

Question 10

what are two parts that make of the kidney

Answer 10

outer cortex and inner medulla

Question 11

what is the medulla made up of

Answer 11

The medulla is divided into 8 to 10 cone-shaped renal pyramids

Question 12

where are the pyramids placed

Answer 12

The base of each pyramid originates at the border of the cortex and medulla and terminates in the papilla

Question 13

what is the papilla

Answer 13

Papilla projects into the renal pelvis, a funnel-shaped continuation of the upper end of the ureter

Question 14

what is the pelvis divided into

Answer 14

• open end pouches called major calyces

Question 15

what are the major clyces

Answer 15

that extend downward and divide into minor calyces,

which collect urine from the tubules of each papilla

Question 16

what are the wall of the calycle, pelvis and ureter made up of

Answer 16

The walls of the calyces, pelvis, and ureter contain contractile elements that propel the urine toward the bladder

Question 17

Stopped at

Answer 17

slide 10