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Human physiology PT > chapter 17- exam 2 > Flashcards

chapter 17- exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what controls the blood flow of the tisseus

A

the tissue controls its own blood flow to the proportion it needs (locally)

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2
Q

what does the tissue need

A
  1. Delivery of oxygen to tissues
  2. Delivery of nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, etc.
  3. Removal of carbon dioxide hydrogen and other metabolites from the tissues
  4. Transport various hormones and other substances to different tissues
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3
Q

what is the flow of blood to the tissues related too

A

the metabolic rate of the tissue if related to the flow

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4
Q

what does the increased tissue metabolism causee

A

increase to blood flow

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5
Q

what does a decrease of oxygen availability cause

A

the tissues increases tissue blood flow

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6
Q

look at graph

A

on slide 4

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7
Q

what are Two major theories for local blood flow

A

1) The vasodilator theory

2) Oxygen demand theory

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8
Q

what does flow equal

A

flow (q)= change in P/ R

  • change in p = is between the tow ends of the vessel
  • R= resistance of the vessels
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9
Q

WHY does the increased tissue metabolism cause increased BF

A

vasodilators

increased tissue metabolism →
↑ released of vasodilators →
↓ arteriole resistance →
increased BF

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10
Q

what are some vasodilators

A 
Adenosine, 
CO2, 
ADP compounds,
 Histamine,
 K+ ions, 
H+ ions
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11
Q

WHY does decreased oxygen lead to increased tissue BF

A

↓ oxygen delivery to tissue →
↓ tissue oxygen concentration →
↓ arteriole resistance →
↑ blood flow

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12
Q

what is autoregulation

A

Ability of a tissue to maintain blood flow relatively constant over a wide range of arterial pressures

** plus look at the graph

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13
Q

how does the blood flow through autoregulation

A

metabolic theory

myogenic theory

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14
Q

what is metabolic theory

A

When arterial pressure decreases oxygen or nutrient delivery is decreased resulting in release of a vasodilator

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15
Q

what is myogenic theory

A

When arterial pressure decreases arterioles dilate in response to decreases in wall tension

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16
Q

do other systems have different autoregulatory theories ?

A

yes

–Kidneys have a feedback system between the tubules and arterioles

–Brain blood flow is controlled by carbon dioxide and hydrogen ion conc.

17
Q

what is wall tension

A

laplaces law

18
Q

what is Laplaces law

A

the large the vessel radius, the larger the wall tension required to withstand a given internal fluid pressure

Look at slide 13

19
Q

what does pressure =

A

p= force / unit area

20
Q

what does tension =

A

tension= pressure x radius

21
Q

what is pascals law

A

a pressure change occurring anywhere in a confined incompressible fluid is transmitted throughout the fluid such that the same change occurs

** will be equal at equilibrium

22
Q

what is wall tension is proportional to

A

the pressure and the radius

23
Q

in the heart tension =

A

T= (Px R)/ h

p= pressure 
R= radius
h= wall thickness
24
Q

what regulatory mechanism controls the blood flow effectively

A

the long term is better than the acute

25
Q

how does the long term blood flow regulation occur

A

changing the degree of vascularity of tissues (size and number of vessels)

26
Q

what is an important stimulus for regulating tissue vascularity

A

oxygen

27
Q

what is away to decrease the resistance

A

increasing the resistance

28
Q

what is angiogenesis

A

is the growth of new blood vessels

29
Q

how does angiogenesis occur

A

in response to angiogenci factors

30
Q

what releases angiogenic factor

A

Ischemic Tissue
Rapidly growing tissue
Tissue with high metabolic rates

31
Q

what are angiogenic factors

A

small peptides such as Vascular endothelial cell growth factors (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and angiogen

32
Q

what are humoral regulation of blood flow

A

vasoconstrictors

vasodilator agents

33
Q

what are some vasconstricotrs

A

Norepinephrine and epinephrine
Angiotensin
Vasopressin
Endothelin

34
Q

what are some vasodilaotr agents

A 
Bradykinin
Serotonin
Histamine
Prostaglandins
Nitric oxide

Human physiology PT (12 decks)

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