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Compounding Pharm 114 > Chapter 26 > Flashcards

Chapter 26 Flashcards

1
Q

Digestive system is responsible for

A

Adequate nourishment and hydration of the body.

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2
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing

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3
Q

The digestive system extends from

A

The mouth to the anus. It’s a long tube that twists and turns with a series of hollow organs along the way.

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4
Q

The digestive system is protected by

A

A mucosa lining that prevents acid from causing sores or ulcers

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5
Q

Mucosa containing a digestive juice is located ?

A

In the mouth, stomach and small intestine

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6
Q

Aside from the mucosa that produces digestive what other organs produce digestive juices?

A

Liver and pancreas

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7
Q

Livers help with digestion

A

Produces bile that helps with digestion that is stored in the gall bladder.

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8
Q

Pancreas helps to digest food by

A

Producing enzymes that break down food particles.

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9
Q

The mouth is the

A

Opening of the alimentary tract

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10
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Simplest form of carbohydrates (simple sugar)

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11
Q

Amylase or ptyalin

A

Enzymes that break down carbs

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12
Q

Stomach has 3 parts

A

Fund us body, pyloric

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13
Q

The stomach walls have parietal cells that secrete

A

Hydrochloride acid which converts pepsin

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14
Q

Proteolytic enzyme pepsin chemically breaks down

A

Protein into amino acid

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15
Q

Peristalsis

A

Smooth muscle contractions that move chyme along the digestive track.

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16
Q

Chyme consists of

A

Carbs, monosaccharides, proteins, and amino acid.

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17
Q

Small intestine has 3 parts

A

Duodenum, jujunum, ileum

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18
Q

Duodenum is the

A

First part of small intestine

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19
Q

About _____ % of all food chemically digests in the _______.

A

80%, duodenum of the small intestine

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20
Q

80% of all ulcers are found in the

A

Duodenum of the small intestine

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21
Q

Monosaccharide

A

Simplest form of carbohydrate (glucose, fructose)

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22
Q

Pepsinogen -

A

Precursor to pepsin

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23
Q

Pepsin -

A

Digestive enzyme needed to break down proteins

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24
Q

Protease -

A

An enzyme that begins breakdown

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25
Bicarbonate neutralizes stomach acid to about
5.5
26
The percent strength concentration of a solid active ingredient contained within a liquid base is the :
%weight/volume
27
What is the strength of an active ingredient in a medication?
Concentration
28
The percent strength concentration of a liquid active ingredient contained within a liquid base is the:
%volume/volume
29
The percent strength concentration of a solid active ingredient contained within a solid base is the :
%weight/weight
30
The _________ is the representation of the number of grams of active ingredient contained in a 1–ml.
Percent strength
31
A substance used to dilute another substance is known as the
Diligent
32
Concentrations of many drug preparations are expressed as a
Percent strength
33
When calculation concentrations, it is best to convert any ratio strength into
Percents
34
In concentration problems. ___________ are used interchangeably
Grams / milliliter
35
A powdered medication mixed into an oinment base would be calculated as a _______ concentration
W/w
36
What are 3 macronutrients
Carbohydrates, proteins, fats
37
What is the unit of measure used when referring to the energy needed to digest and utilize food?
Kilocalorie (kcal)
38
ADMR for carbohydrates is _____ of the daily caloric intake
45-65%
39
ADMR for fats is ______ of daily caloric intake.
20-35%
40
ADMR for protein is ________ of daily caloric intake
10-35%
41
Cabohydrates main function in the body is to
Provide energy
42
Lipids main function in the body is to
Insulate and protect organs
43
Proteins main function of the body is to
Make and repair body cells
44
3 micronutrients
Waters - soluble vitamins, fat - soluble vitamins, minerals
45
The body requires ______ different amino acids
20
46
How many essential amino acids are needed by the body
20
47
How many non essential amino acids are needed by the body
9
48
Vitamins that are fat soluble
A,D,E, K
49
Vitamin k is stores in the
Liver
50
What percentage of the body is composed of water?
60%
51
How many different minerals are essential for nutrition?
21
52
Phosphorus -
Mineral needed o build bones and teeth
53
Potassium -
Mineral helps maintain proper muscle memory function
54
Vitamin b12 is also known as
Cyanocobalamin
55
Vitamin b6
Pyridoxine
56
Vitamin b9
Folic acid
57
Vitamin b1
Thiamine
58
The pharynx is the
Throat
59
Windpipe, or ______ is closed off the the epiglottis to allow food to be swallowed
Trachea
60
Pepsin is the enzyme that chemically breaks down
Proteins
61
Bile stores in the gall bladder goes into the small intestine to break up large molecules of fats into smaller ones in a processed called
Emulsification
62
Trypsin
A protease from the pancreas that further breaks down remaining protein or amino acids into simplest amino acids
63
Amylopsin break down
Sugars into simplest form (monosaccharides)
64
Steapsin break down
Smaller molecules of fat into fatty acids and glycerol
65
After breakdown - carbs, proteins, fats are
Ready to enter the blood stream to be used as energy
66
After breakdown amino acids, monosaccharides, fatty acids and glycerol are
Observed into the capillaries of the blood system and small lymph vessels by finger like projections in the small intestine called villi & microvilli
67
After small intestine anything not absorbed continues to
Large intestine as waste
68
Majority of nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine by tiny lymph vessels called
Lactelals then passed though portal vein to liver, where any toxin that may be present are broke down and nutrients are prepared for the blood stream
69
Hypersensitivities -
Allergy
70
Diverticulitis -
Condition which the diverticula form in the walls of the colon and portion of the large intestine
71
Dietary Refrence Intake (DRIs)
Nutritional guidelines that include both recommended intakes and tolerable upper intakes
72
Macronutrients are
Nutrients the body requires in large amounts
73
Estimated _______ Americans suffer from one or more digestive disorders, accounting for __% of hospitalizations.
70 million , 13%
74
Digestion is to accomplish
Breakup of food particles, brown down food into nutrients the body can use, excrete what it can not use, reabsorb water into the body.
75
Six main organs
Mouth, esophagus, pharynx, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
76
6 accessory organs
Teeth, tongue, salvaging organ, liver, gall bladder, pancreas
77
3 parts of the stomach
Fondues, body, plyorus
78
Small intestine
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
79
Large intestine - colon has 7 parts
Cecum, ascending, tranvarse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus
80
GI disorders
GERD, N/V, ulcers, diarrhea, constipation, flatulence (gas), IBS, chron’s, ulcerative colitis, diverticulitis
81
Fat soluble vitamins
A,E,D,K
82
Water soluble vitamins
B,C
83
Vitamin A comes from
Yellow&orange vegetables
84
Vitamin D comes from
Milk, sunlight
85
Vitamin E comes from
Leafy greens, nuts
86
Vitamin K comes from
Dark green leafy vegetables
87
Vitamin B1 comes from
Bread and cereal
88
Vitamin B2 comes from
Liver, nuts, cheese, eggs
89
Vitamin B3 comes from
Meat and liver
90
Vitamin B5 comes from
Eggs and beans
91
Vitamin B6 comes from
Cereal and bread
92
Vitamin B12 comes from
Beef and liver
93
Vitamin B9 comes from
Meat, whole grains
94
B1 is also called
Thiamine
95
B2 is also called
Riboflavin
96
B3 is also called
Niacin
97
B5 is also called
Panothenic acid
98
B6 is also called
Pyriodoxine
99
B12 is also called
Cyanocobalamin
100
B9 is also called
Folate (folic acid)

Compounding Pharm 114 (17 decks)

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