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Compounding Pharm 114 > Chapter 26 > Flashcards

Chapter 26 Flashcards

1
Q

Digestive system is responsible for

A

Adequate nourishment and hydration of the body.

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2
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing

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3
Q

The digestive system extends from

A

The mouth to the anus. It’s a long tube that twists and turns with a series of hollow organs along the way.

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4
Q

The digestive system is protected by

A

A mucosa lining that prevents acid from causing sores or ulcers

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5
Q

Mucosa containing a digestive juice is located ?

A

In the mouth, stomach and small intestine

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6
Q

Aside from the mucosa that produces digestive what other organs produce digestive juices?

A

Liver and pancreas

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7
Q

Livers help with digestion

A

Produces bile that helps with digestion that is stored in the gall bladder.

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8
Q

Pancreas helps to digest food by

A

Producing enzymes that break down food particles.

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9
Q

The mouth is the

A

Opening of the alimentary tract

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10
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Simplest form of carbohydrates (simple sugar)

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11
Q

Amylase or ptyalin

A

Enzymes that break down carbs

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12
Q

Stomach has 3 parts

A

Fund us body, pyloric

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13
Q

The stomach walls have parietal cells that secrete

A

Hydrochloride acid which converts pepsin

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14
Q

Proteolytic enzyme pepsin chemically breaks down

A

Protein into amino acid

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15
Q

Peristalsis

A

Smooth muscle contractions that move chyme along the digestive track.

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16
Q

Chyme consists of

A

Carbs, monosaccharides, proteins, and amino acid.

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17
Q

Small intestine has 3 parts

A

Duodenum, jujunum, ileum

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18
Q

Duodenum is the

A

First part of small intestine

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19
Q

About _____ % of all food chemically digests in the _______.

A

80%, duodenum of the small intestine

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20
Q

80% of all ulcers are found in the

A

Duodenum of the small intestine

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21
Q

Monosaccharide

A

Simplest form of carbohydrate (glucose, fructose)

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22
Q

Pepsinogen -

A

Precursor to pepsin

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23
Q

Pepsin -

A

Digestive enzyme needed to break down proteins

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24
Q

Protease -

A

An enzyme that begins breakdown

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25
Q

Bicarbonate neutralizes stomach acid to about

A

5.5

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26
Q

The percent strength concentration of a solid active ingredient contained within a liquid base is the :

A

%weight/volume

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27
Q

What is the strength of an active ingredient in a medication?

A

Concentration

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28
Q

The percent strength concentration of a liquid active ingredient contained within a liquid base is the:

A

%volume/volume

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29
Q

The percent strength concentration of a solid active ingredient contained within a solid base is the :

A

%weight/weight

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30
Q

The _________ is the representation of the number of grams of active ingredient contained in a 1–ml.

A

Percent strength

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31
Q

A substance used to dilute another substance is known as the

A

Diligent

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32
Q

Concentrations of many drug preparations are expressed as a

A

Percent strength

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33
Q

When calculation concentrations, it is best to convert any ratio strength into

A

Percents

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34
Q

In concentration problems. ___________ are used interchangeably

A

Grams / milliliter

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35
Q

A powdered medication mixed into an oinment base would be calculated as a _______ concentration

A

W/w

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36
Q

What are 3 macronutrients

A

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats

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37
Q

What is the unit of measure used when referring to the energy needed to digest and utilize food?

A

Kilocalorie (kcal)

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38
Q

ADMR for carbohydrates is _____ of the daily caloric intake

A

45-65%

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39
Q

ADMR for fats is ______ of daily caloric intake.

A

20-35%

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40
Q

ADMR for protein is ________ of daily caloric intake

A

10-35%

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41
Q

Cabohydrates main function in the body is to

A

Provide energy

42
Q

Lipids main function in the body is to

A

Insulate and protect organs

43
Q

Proteins main function of the body is to

A

Make and repair body cells

44
Q

3 micronutrients

A

Waters - soluble vitamins, fat - soluble vitamins, minerals

45
Q

The body requires ______ different amino acids

A

20

46
Q

How many essential amino acids are needed by the body

A

20

47
Q

How many non essential amino acids are needed by the body

A

9

48
Q

Vitamins that are fat soluble

A

A,D,E, K

49
Q

Vitamin k is stores in the

A

Liver

50
Q

What percentage of the body is composed of water?

A

60%

51
Q

How many different minerals are essential for nutrition?

A

21

52
Q

Phosphorus -

A

Mineral needed o build bones and teeth

53
Q

Potassium -

A

Mineral helps maintain proper muscle memory function

54
Q

Vitamin b12 is also known as

A

Cyanocobalamin

55
Q

Vitamin b6

A

Pyridoxine

56
Q

Vitamin b9

A

Folic acid

57
Q

Vitamin b1

A

Thiamine

58
Q

The pharynx is the

A

Throat

59
Q

Windpipe, or ______ is closed off the the epiglottis to allow food to be swallowed

A

Trachea

60
Q

Pepsin is the enzyme that chemically breaks down

A

Proteins

61
Q

Bile stores in the gall bladder goes into the small intestine to break up large molecules of fats into smaller ones in a processed called

A

Emulsification

62
Q

Trypsin

A

A protease from the pancreas that further breaks down remaining protein or amino acids into simplest amino acids

63
Q

Amylopsin break down

A

Sugars into simplest form (monosaccharides)

64
Q

Steapsin break down

A

Smaller molecules of fat into fatty acids and glycerol

65
Q

After breakdown - carbs, proteins, fats are

A

Ready to enter the blood stream to be used as energy

66
Q

After breakdown amino acids, monosaccharides, fatty acids and glycerol are

A

Observed into the capillaries of the blood system and small lymph vessels by finger like projections in the small intestine called villi & microvilli

67
Q

After small intestine anything not absorbed continues to

A

Large intestine as waste

68
Q

Majority of nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine by tiny lymph vessels called

A

Lactelals then passed though portal vein to liver, where any toxin that may be present are broke down and nutrients are prepared for the blood stream

69
Q

Hypersensitivities -

A

Allergy

70
Q

Diverticulitis -

A

Condition which the diverticula form in the walls of the colon and portion of the large intestine

71
Q

Dietary Refrence Intake (DRIs)

A

Nutritional guidelines that include both recommended intakes and tolerable upper intakes

72
Q

Macronutrients are

A

Nutrients the body requires in large amounts

73
Q

Estimated _______ Americans suffer from one or more digestive disorders, accounting for __% of hospitalizations.

A

70 million , 13%

74
Q

Digestion is to accomplish

A

Breakup of food particles, brown down food into nutrients the body can use, excrete what it can not use, reabsorb water into the body.

75
Q

Six main organs

A

Mouth, esophagus, pharynx, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

76
Q

6 accessory organs

A

Teeth, tongue, salvaging organ, liver, gall bladder, pancreas

77
Q

3 parts of the stomach

A

Fondues, body, plyorus

78
Q

Small intestine

A

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

79
Q

Large intestine - colon has 7 parts

A

Cecum, ascending, tranvarse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus

80
Q

GI disorders

A

GERD, N/V, ulcers, diarrhea, constipation, flatulence (gas), IBS, chron’s, ulcerative colitis, diverticulitis

81
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

A

A,E,D,K

82
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A

B,C

83
Q

Vitamin A comes from

A

Yellow&orange vegetables

84
Q

Vitamin D comes from

A

Milk, sunlight

85
Q

Vitamin E comes from

A

Leafy greens, nuts

86
Q

Vitamin K comes from

A

Dark green leafy vegetables

87
Q

Vitamin B1 comes from

A

Bread and cereal

88
Q

Vitamin B2 comes from

A

Liver, nuts, cheese, eggs

89
Q

Vitamin B3 comes from

A

Meat and liver

90
Q

Vitamin B5 comes from

A

Eggs and beans

91
Q

Vitamin B6 comes from

A

Cereal and bread

92
Q

Vitamin B12 comes from

A

Beef and liver

93
Q

Vitamin B9 comes from

A

Meat, whole grains

94
Q

B1 is also called

A

Thiamine

95
Q

B2 is also called

A

Riboflavin

96
Q

B3 is also called

A

Niacin

97
Q

B5 is also called

A

Panothenic acid

98
Q

B6 is also called

A

Pyriodoxine

99
Q

B12 is also called

A

Cyanocobalamin

100
Q

B9 is also called

A

Folate (folic acid)

Compounding Pharm 114 (17 decks)

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