Chap 37 Special Consideration For Peds And Geriatric Flashcards
Babies from birth to 1 month of age are called
Neonates
People between ages of 1 month and 2 years are called
Infants
People between 2 and 12 years of age are
Children
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion are considered __________ processes.
Pharmacokinetic
Drug _________ is the process by which a drug enters the blood stream
Absorption
Neonates and infants have smaller ________, which can affect medication as much as overall weight
Skeletal structure
Why do The youngest patients have less blood flow to their muscles than older people
Limited physical activity
Medication administered to pediatric patient my IM injection will be absorbed _______ in an adult
More slowly than
IM injection in peds patients increases risk of ______ because of slower absorption
Muscle and nerve damage
Neonates have thinner _______ than an adult, so topical medication might be absorbed more completely and rapidly into system circulation
Skin
The pH of a neonate’s digestive system is less acidic than an adult’s, which can lead to _______ and lower blood levels of a drug
Decreased bioavailability
Which of the following protects against water soluble substances and is immature in peds patients?
Blood - brain barrier
There are fewer ________ in peds patients than in adults, allowing more of a drug to remain unbound or “free” in the body
Plasma proteins
Chemical alteration of a drug by the body is known as
Metabolism
What is the process by which the body eliminates a drug
Excretion
Which organs are most involved in metabolism and excretion
Liver and kidneys
What kind of drug passes readily into cell membranes composed of fatty substances, such as the brain?
Lipid-soluble
The process by which a drug reaches the various organs and tissues of the body is called
Distribution
What type of drug can stunt pediatric growth
Steroids
Which type of dosage form is most likely to help with compliance in peds patients
Flavored liquid
Formulas for calculating dosage based on ______ are considered to the least reliable
Age
The FDA recommends the OTC cough and cold product not be used for infants and children under _____ years of age because serious and potentially life threatening side effects can occur
2?
Which formula for calculating peds dosage is based on weight
Clarks rule
Pharmacokinetics for children is different because
Their organ system is not fully developed
Smaller skeletal structure affects just as much as
Weight
Limited physical activity means
Less blood flow, meaning an IM med would absorb slower increasing risk of muscle and nerve damage
Thinner skin in peds can mean
Meds absorb more completely or quickly which could cause unexpected or enhanced drug effects not seen in adults
Neonates gestational pH is
Lower then an adult which could lead to decreased bioavailability
An adult brain has a blood - brain barrier which protects from
Water - soluble substances
The blood - brain barrier in children is
Immature
Because children have a higher percentage of body water compared to fat percentage
Lipid soluble meds would have decreased distribution leading to higher blood levels as it does not get distributed to organs