Chapter 26

Question 1

nucleophile

Answer 1

An atom (or group of atoms) which is attracted to an electron-deficient centre or atom, where it donates a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.

Question 2

nucleophilic substitution

Answer 2

A reaction in which a nucleophile is attracted to an electron-deficient carbon atom, and replaces an atom or group of atoms on the carbon atom.

Question 3

electrophile

Answer 3

An atom (or group of atoms) which is attracted to an electron-rich centre or atom, where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.

Question 4

electrophilic addition

Answer 4

An addition reaction in which the first step is attack by an electrophile on a region of high electron density.

Question 5

2,4 DNP Or Brady’s reagent

Answer 5

Used to detect the presence of the carbonyl functional group in both aldehydes and ketones. In the presence of a carbonyl group a yellow or orange precipitate is produced

Question 6

Tollens’ reagent

Answer 6

It is a solution of silver nitrate in aqueous ammonia. In the presence of an aldehyde group, a silver mirror is produced

Question 7

esterification

Answer 7

A reaction in which a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol to form an ester and water.

Question 8

hydrolysis

Answer 8

A reaction with water that breaks a chemical compound into two compounds, the H and OH in a water molecule becomes incorporated into the two compounds.