Chapter 24 Flashcards
transition element
A d-block element which forms an ion with an incomplete d-sub-shell.
heterogeneous catalysis
A reaction in which the catalyst has a different physical state from the reactants; frequently reactants are gases whilst the catalyst is a solid.
homogeneous catalysis
A reaction in which the catalyst and reactants are in the same physical state, which is most frequently the aqueous or gaseous state.
complex ion
A transition metal ion bonded to ligands by coordinate bonds (dative covalent bonds).
coordinate bond
A shared pair of electrons in which the bonded pair has been provided by one of the bonding atoms only; also called a dative covalent bond.
dative covalent
A shared pair of electrons in which the bonded pair has been provided by one of the bonding atoms only; also called a coordinate bond.
coordination number
The total number of coordinate bonds formed between a central metal ion and ligands.
ligand
A molecule or ion that can donate a pair of electrons to the transition metal ion.
optical isomers
Stereoisomers that are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other; also called ‘enantiomers’.
cis–trans isomerism
A special type of E/Z isomerism in which there are two non-hydrogen groups and two hydrogen atoms around the C=C double bond: the cis isomer (Z isomer) has H atoms on each carbon on the same side; the trans isomer (E isomer) has H atoms on each carbon on different sides.
stereoisomers
Compounds with the same structural formula but with a different arrangement of the atoms in space.
ligand substitution
A reaction in which one or more ligands in a complex ion are replaced by
different ligands.
precipitation reaction
The formation of a solid from a solution during a chemical reaction. Precipitates are often formed when two aqueous solutions are mixed together.
