Chapter 2 Atoms, ions and compounds

Question 1

What is a shell?

Answer 1

A group of atomic orbitals with the same principal quantum number, n. Also known as a main energy level.

Question 2

What are the relative masses of a proton, neutron and electron

Answer 2

Proton= 1 Neutron=1 Electron=1/1836

Question 3

What is the atomic number

Answer 3

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Z=number of protons

Question 4

What are isotopes?

Answer 4

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons and different masses.

Question 5

What does the mass number tell you?

Answer 5

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus – also known as nucleon number.
A=number of protons+number of neutrons

Question 6

what is an ion

Answer 6

A positively or negatively charged atom or a (covalently bonded) group of atoms (a polyatomic ion), where the number of electrons is different from the number of protons.

Question 7

What are cations?

Answer 7

A positively charged ion with fewer electrons than protons.

Question 8

What are anions?

Answer 8

A negatively charged ion with more electrons than protons.

Question 9

Define relative isotopic mass

Answer 9

The mass of an atom of an isotope compared with one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12.

Question 10

Define relative atomic mass, Ar

Answer 10

The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared with one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12.
- Takes into account the percentage abundance of each isotope and the relative isotopic mass

Question 11

Describe the process of using a mass spectrometer?

Answer 11

1. Place sample in the mass spectrometer
2. Vaporise the sample then it is ionised to form +ve ions
3. Ions accelerated -> heavier ions are slow and difficult to deflect so ions of each isotope separated
4. Ions detected as mass to charge m/z ratio. Greater the abundance greater the signal

Question 12

What is a binary compound

Answer 12

A compound containing two elements only

Question 13

Polyatomic ions

Answer 13

An ion containing more than one atom.

Ammonium NH4+ 
Hydroxide OH-
Nitrate NO3-
Carbonate CO32-
Sulfate SO42-

Question 14

Nucleus

Answer 14

the central part of an atom that contains the protons and neutrons.

Question 15

Proton

Answer 15

Particle found in a nucleus with a positive charge. Number of these gives atomic number

Question 16

Neutron

Answer 16

A neutron is a subatomic particle found in the nucleus of atoms that differs from the other subatomic particles (called “protons”) in the nucleus of atoms because neutrons have no (zero) charge whereas each proton has a positive charge of +1.

Question 17

Electron

Answer 17

Electrons are the smallest of the particles that make up an atom, and they carry a negative charge.

Question 18

diatomic molecules

Answer 18

containing two atoms bonded together

Question 19

What are the diatomic molecules?

Answer 19

O2, S2, N2, Cl2, H2, F2, I2, Br2

Question 20

Magnesium ion

Answer 20

Mg2+

Question 21

Calcium ion

Answer 21

Ca2+

Question 22

What is the charge of group 2 ions?

Answer 22

2+

Question 23

Silver ion

Answer 23

Ag+

Question 24

Aluminium ion

Answer 24

Al3+

Question 25

Hydrogen ion

Answer 25

H+

Question 26

Lithium ion

Answer 26

Li+

Question 27

Sodium ion

Answer 27

Na+

Question 28

Potassium ion

Answer 28

K+

Question 29

Nitrogen ion

Answer 29

N3-

Question 30

Phosphorus ion

Answer 30

P3-

Question 31

Oxygen ion

Answer 31

O2-

Question 32

Sulphur ion

Answer 32

S2-

Question 33

Fluoride ion

Answer 33

F-

Question 34

Chlorine ion

Answer 34

Cl-

Question 35

Bromine ion

Answer 35

Br-

Question 36

Iodine ion

Answer 36

I-

Question 37

What is the charge of group 7 ions?

Answer 37

1-

Question 38

Zinc ion

Answer 38

Zn2+

Question 39

ammonium

Answer 39

NH4+

Question 40

hydroxide

Answer 40

OH-

Question 41

nitrate

Answer 41

(NO3)-

Question 42

carbonate

Answer 42

(CO3)2-

Question 43

sulfate

Answer 43

(SO4)-